Annals of Onco:"神药"二甲双胍从未让人失望——能有效降低乳腺癌风险!

2021-06-01 MedSci原创 MedSci原创

2型糖尿病女性服用二甲双胍可有助于降低ER阳性乳腺癌的发生风险。

二甲双胍是治疗糖尿病的“明星”药物;但二甲双胍的“野心”还不止于此。

除了经典降糖药的角色,二甲双胍在其他疾病领域的潜在健康功效也始终受到关注。目前已有大量研究先后证实二甲双胍可有效预防病治疗肺癌、乳腺癌、肾癌等多种恶性肿瘤疾病,因此被科学家冠以“抗癌卫士”称号。

在肥胖和2型糖尿病(T2DM)流行的情况下,糖尿病及其治疗与乳腺癌(BC)风险的关系已受到越来越多的关注。鉴于T2DM患者往往合并有许多代谢紊乱(如高胰岛素血症、血糖异常、血脂异常、炎症)可能影响癌症的发生发展,目前有两项荟萃分析已经确定了T2DM会增加20%总体BC风险,而反过来,BC也会增加27%T2DM风险。

二甲双胍通常作为T2DM的一线治疗药物,可通过降低循环中的胰岛素水平,导致通过PI3K和ras途径的信号传递减少,或者直接通过对线粒体中的复合体I的作用,导致LKB1介导的AMPK的激活和下游的mTOR的抑制来降低BC风险。同时,二甲双胍还可能影响rag GTPases、癌症干细胞和肿瘤微环境,并可能对三阴性BC(TNBC)产生最大的抗癌作用。

为了更好的说明二甲双胍在降低BC风险中的证据,来自加拿大西安大略大学的专家开展了一项大型的前瞻性队列研究。研究人员纳入了44541名没有患过BC的妇女进行了随访,这些妇女的姐妹或同父异母的姐妹被诊断为BC。相关结果发表在最新的《肿瘤病学年鉴》Annals of Oncology杂志上。

经过8.6年的中位随访,最终2678名参与者被确诊为BC,3227名T2DM和2389名新发T2DM。其中,61%的参与者曾接受二甲双胍治疗。总的来说,有无确诊T2DM对BC风险没有相关性(HR=0.99,95% CI,0.87-1.13)。

但与未患T2DM的患者相比,服用二甲双胍的T2DM女性罹患雌激素受体(ER)阳性乳腺癌风险降低14%(HR=0.86)、ER阴性乳腺癌风险增加25%(HR=1.25)和TNBC风险则增加74%(HR=1.74)。此外,长期服用二甲双胍(≥10年)ER阳性乳腺癌风险降低38%,趋势更加显著。

二甲双胍降低BC可能的机制

值得一提的是,ER阳性BC是最常见的乳腺癌类型。最近的其他研究也报道了T2DM与BC亚型风险的关系。例如在护士健康研究中,T2DM会增加22%ER阳性 BC的风险(HR 1.22,95% CI,1.01-1.47),但对ER阴性 BC则无影响(HR 1.13,95% CI,0.79-1.62)。

研究人员解释道,目前还不能确定二甲双胍与TNBC风险增加之间的关系是否有偶然性和/或未控制的偏倚和混杂所影响。

综上,该研究表明,2型糖尿病女性服用二甲双胍可有助于降低ER阳性乳腺癌的发生风险。

 

参考文献:

Lohmann AE, Goodwin PJ. Diabetes, metformin and breast cancer: a tangled web. Ann Oncol. 2021 Mar;32(3):285-286. doi: 10.1016/j.annonc.2020.12.014.

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    2021-09-06 sjq027
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    2021-06-02 莉莉安 Lillian C.

    厉害了

    0

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    2021-06-02 misszhang

    二甲双胍,神药!

    0

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    2021-06-01 ms1000000502953752

    受益匪浅!

    0

拓展阅读

轻断食“疗效”超越二甲双胍!中国学者发现,坚持一周饿两天,体重降近10kg,降糖效果超过药物

JAMA子刊:5+2饮食法能够在短期内改善血糖和减轻体重,16周的治疗后体重约降低9.7kg,超越了二甲双胍和恩格列净。

JTUMS:维格列汀和瑞格列净联合二甲双胍治疗2型糖尿病的疗效和安全性

目前2型糖尿病(T2DM)综合管理指南提倡以患者为中心,以确定适当的药物治疗。

EULAR 2024 :SGLT2i联合二甲双胍降低痛风风险,优化心血管结局,引领2型糖尿病个性化治疗

SGLT2i不仅有效控制血糖,还能多维度地改善患者的综合健康状况,特别是在预防痛风发作和减少心血管事件风险方面,强调了其在特定患者群体中的治疗优势。

二甲双胍好处多!最新研究:不仅预防糖尿病,还能远离痛风

近日,发表于Annals of Rheumatic Diseases一项研究发现,糖尿病前期患者使用二甲双胍,不仅能够预防糖尿病的发生,还有助于降低痛风风险,可谓“一举两得”。

Am J Transl Res:门冬胰岛素和二甲双胍改善妊娠期糖尿病患者妊娠结局的对比研究

二甲双胍和门冬胰岛素联合治疗GDM可有效降低血糖水平,减轻肾损伤,改善妊娠结局。这种治疗方法为优化GDM病例中的母亲和胎儿健康提供了一种可行的选择。

强化控糖,终身受益!《柳叶刀》:二甲双胍、胰岛素或磺脲类效用长达44年

来自牛津大学和爱丁堡大学的研究人员将该研究随访时间从10年延长到24年后发现,相比于传统的控糖策略,早期使用磺酰脲类、胰岛素或二甲双胍强化降糖策略,或可降低糖尿病患者终身罹患心梗和死亡风险。