AAOS:股骨干骨折髓内钉治疗时RIA对栓塞负荷量的影响

2014-03-31 佚名 丁香园

扩髓置入并予以静力锁定的交锁髓内钉治疗股骨干骨折的临床成功率极高。但是在扩髓操作中会在髓腔中产生可能导致栓塞的碎屑,从而导致严重的肺部、神经系统以及全身性并发症,甚至死亡。铰刀-冲洗-吸引(RIA)一体式装置已经被用于临床,以减少股骨髓腔扩髓过程中产生的骨髓颗粒数量,从而降低严重并发症的发生率。然而,就我们所知,目前尚无相关临床资料能够证实上述关于RIA的理论优点。我们试图

扩髓置入并予以静力锁定的交锁髓内钉治疗股骨干骨折的临床成功率极高。但是在扩髓操作中会在髓腔中产生可能导致栓塞的碎屑,从而导致严重的肺部、神经系统以及全身性并发症,甚至死亡。铰刀-冲洗-吸引(RIA)一体式装置已经被用于临床,以减少股骨髓腔扩髓过程中产生的骨髓颗粒数量,从而降低严重并发症的发生率。然而,就我们所知,目前尚无相关临床资料能够证实上述关于RIA的理论优点。我们试图通过本项随机对照的临床研究来确定与标准扩髓方式相比,使用RIA是否能降低栓塞颗粒的产生量。

采用前瞻性多中心随机对照的方法比较在孤立的股骨干骨折病例中采用标准髓内钉扩髓技术与RIA装置操作的不同。以随机数字发生器将一组连续病例随机分为两组:1)以标准扩髓器(SR)扩髓置入髓内钉并予以静力锁定组,以及2)以RIA装置进行扩髓置入髓内钉并予以静力锁定组。

术中除了进行常规生理监测之外,所有病例均同时接受持续性经食管超声心动图(TEE)监测以确定手术操作所产生的栓子颗粒数量。TEE监测划分为术前(PREOP)、骨折复位(RED)、导针置入(GW)、扩髓(REAM)、髓内钉置入(NAIL)、以及术后(POSTOP)共6个时段。由3名独立观察者分别分析TEE所显示的栓塞时限、大小以及严重程度。

共28例患者纳入本研究,但其中6例因TEE操作/记录方面的技术性困难而被排除,结果共22例患者完成本研究(标准扩髓组和RIA组各11例患者)。两组病例的人口统计学参数之间无显著差异(SR组: 男/女 7/4, RIA组: 8/3, p=0.879, 平均年龄: SR组, 39.2岁, RIA组, 39.2岁, p=0.998)。两组病例的ISS评分以及受伤机制相似。本研究采用一种已经得到验证的通过TEE视频资料测算栓塞情况的标准评分系统。

3名观察者之间对栓塞程度的测量结果之间一致性良好(组内相关系数=0.740, 高度一致)。PREOP、RED、GW以及POSTOP 4个时段内两组病例间栓子(于GW时段开始升高)形成情况无显著差异。RIA组病例在REAM(SR组和RIA组分别为5.36 和4.06, p<0.05)和NAIL(SR组和RIA组分别为5.15和4.18, p<0.05)两个时段的总栓子形成评分中度降低。但我们未发现这种评分结果的降低并未伴随生理指标(平均动脉压、呼气末CO2、氧饱和度、pH、paO2、paCO2)的改善。

本研究首次对RIA装置在栓塞形成上的影响进行了临床评估。结果显示使用RIA装置在扩髓和髓内钉置入两个时段中度降低了栓子颗粒的形成。但我们未发现此现象与生理参数的变化之间存在明确的相关性。今后有必要对此进行深入研究,从而确定使用RIA装置使得股骨骨折髓内钉固定的REAM和NAIL时段内栓子颗粒中度下降是否可以改善生理指标,并且具有良好的费效比。

原始出处:

Jeremy Hall,Michael D. McKee, Zachary Morison, Niloofar Dehghan,Milena Vicente,Christine Schemitsch Brad Petrisor,Hans J. Kreder,Emil H. Schemitsch.The Effect of the RIA on the Volume of Embolic Load during Intramedullary Nailing of Femoral Shaft Fractures.AAOS Mar 12, 2014

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    2014-08-09 yinhl1978
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