Oncotarget:癌细胞增殖遇“克星”,基因修饰迫使其“集体自杀”!

2017-03-29 佚名 转化医学网

即便是最常见的癌症治疗方案也会为患者带来难以避免的化疗伤害。对于胰腺癌和其他侵袭性癌症的患者来说,现状则显得更为严峻,目前尚不存在任何一种癌症疗法针对胰腺癌等恶性癌症具有疗效。

即便是最常见的癌症治疗方案也会为患者带来难以避免的化疗伤害。对于胰腺癌和其他侵袭性癌症的患者来说,现状则显得更为严峻,目前尚不存在任何一种癌症疗法针对胰腺癌等恶性癌症具有疗效。

近日,一批来自以色列特拉维夫大学(TAU)的科学家发现了三种能够在癌细胞分裂时将其快速杀死的蛋白质。 这项由TAU萨克勒医学院Malka Cohen-Armon教授领导的研究发现一些蛋白质可以在癌细胞有丝分裂期间对某些基因进行特异性修饰,启动癌细胞自我毁灭的固有“死亡机制”。

Cohen Armon教授说:“我们的研究发现了一种能够杀死癌细胞而不损害健康细胞的排他性细胞凋亡机制,这种排他性凋亡机制能够对多种快速增殖的人类癌细胞起到非常令人兴奋的杀伤作用。”“根据我们的发现,癌细胞增殖越快,这种在有丝分裂期间发挥作用的杀伤机制就会表现出越强的效果。这种启动于有丝分裂期间的癌细胞杀伤机制可能适用于治疗多种不受传统化疗影响的侵袭性癌症。”

“我们在细胞培养过程中对包括乳腺癌肺癌卵巢癌结肠癌,胰腺癌,血液病,脑癌在内的多种难以治愈癌症进行了测试,发现这种新的特异性靶向机制可以在完成快速消灭癌细胞的同时不破坏正常增殖的人类细胞。” Cohen Armon教授表示。

癌症研究的新目标

这种新发现的排他性癌症凋亡机制所涉及的特定蛋白质修饰与纺锤体构建和结构维持密切相关。纺锤丝微管结构在细胞分裂期间合成,帮助染色体分离至分裂形成的子代细胞中。

在这项研究中,研究人员发现一种叫作苯醌衍生物的化合物修饰能够对这类纺锤体调控蛋白的活性起到明显的抑制作用,扭曲癌细胞有丝分裂期间细胞主轴结构并防止染色体的分离。 一旦上述蛋白质被苯醌衍生物修饰,癌细胞有丝分裂就会被立即中断并发生快速自我破坏。

Cohen-Armon教授说:“我们在癌细胞有丝分裂过程中鉴定了苯醌衍生物的特异性与靶向性。 现在,我们可以基于这一研究开发在细胞分裂过程中促使癌细胞自我破坏凋亡的癌症药物。同时,我们也可以开发针对其他癌细胞有丝分裂相关蛋白的修饰药物。从理论上讲,癌细胞增殖速度越快,这类药物的预期疗效就会更好。”

基于生物化学技术,分子生物学技术和最为先进的成像技术,研究人员对移植了人类癌细胞的小鼠与人类癌细胞培养液中的靶蛋白修饰有丝分裂中断机制进行了实时观察。在抑制了对常规疗法存在抗性的三阴性乳腺癌细胞小鼠模型中,研究人员观察到了明显的肿瘤生长停滞。

Cohen-Armon教授说:“对这一机制的阐明为难以治愈的恶性癌症治疗开启了一扇新的大门,为快速消除侵袭性肿瘤细胞而不损伤正常细胞开辟了新的途径。”

目前,科学家正在进一步研究其中一种苯胺啶衍生物对于胰腺癌和三阴性乳腺癌的治疗作用,企图应用这种新方法治疗这两种尚未能被人类有效控制的癌症。

原始出处:

Leonid Visochek et al, Exclusive destruction of mitotic spindles in human cancer cells. Oncotarget (2017). DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.15343

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    2017-12-27 闆锋旦
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    2017-03-31 yxch36
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    2017-03-31 zhangyxzsh
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