The Journal of Physical Oceanography publishes research related to the physics of the ocean and to process operating at its boundaries. Theoretical and modeling studies are welcome, especially those that are linked to observations. Papers that investigate interactions with other components of the earth system (e.g., ocean-atmosphere, physical-biological, and physical-chemical interactions) as well as studies of other fluid systems (e.g., lakes and laboratory tanks) are also invited, as long as their focus is on understanding the ocean.