Psychopharmacology is an international journal of research and scholarship the aims of which are to cover the general area of elucidating mechanisms by which drugs affect behavior both terms intended in the broadest sense. The scope of the Journal extends from clinical psychopharmacology (including trials) to experimental studies on the effects of drugs on cognition and behavior in humans and laboratory studies in experimental animals. The research methodologies (techniques covered) may range from neurochemical assays and electrophysiological recording to studies of functional neuro-imaging and the methods of experimental psychology and ethology as well as clinical neurology and psychiatry. The journal is particularly interested in articles that integrate these levels of analysis.