The Journal of Applied Physiology publishes original papers that deal with diverse areas of research in applied physiology, especially those emphasizing adaptive and integrative mechanisms. Adaptive physiology includes 1) inherent adaptations such as those related to development, aging, and pathophysiological conditions and 2) adaptations to the external environment such as those occurring with exercise, microgravity, hypoxia, hypo- and hyperbaria, and hypo- and hyperthermic conditions. Integrative physiology includes 1) horizontal integration across organ systems and 2) vertical integration from molecule to cell to organ. In all areas of applied physiology, the use of cutting-edge techniques including molecular and cellular biology is strongly encouraged.