Neuron:新发现的TUBA4A 基因变异与家族性 ALS 相关

2014-11-27 佚名 生物谷

肌萎缩性侧索硬化症 (ALS)也称葛雷克氏症,是一种神经退行性疾病,其特征是中枢神经系统中的运动神经元逐渐死亡,最终导致受这些病变神经元控制的肌肉功能永久丧失以及人体彻底瘫痪。导致 ALS 的原因尚不得而知,但有 5-10% 的病例显然是由遗传引起。家族性 ALS 具有基因异质性,迄今为止已确认约有十多个基因可引发这种疾病或与其有关。近来流行的“冰桶挑战”的目的就是增进人们对这种疾病的了解,并鼓励

肌萎缩性侧索硬化症 (ALS)也称葛雷克氏症,是一种神经退行性疾病,其特征是中枢神经系统中的运动神经元逐渐死亡,最终导致受这些病变神经元控制的肌肉功能永久丧失以及人体彻底瘫痪。导致 ALS 的原因尚不得而知,但有 5-10% 的病例显然是由遗传引起。家族性 ALS 具有基因异质性,迄今为止已确认约有十多个基因可引发这种疾病或与其有关。近来流行的“冰桶挑战”的目的就是增进人们对这种疾病的了解,并鼓励人们为相关的研究捐款。

一支由马萨诸塞大学医学院的John E Landers 博士、伦敦国王学院的 Christopher E. Shaw 博士和 IRCCSIstituto Auxologico Italiano 的 Vincenzo Silani 博士牵头的国际研究小组现已发现TUBA4A 基因是家族性 ALS 的一个新易致病基因。该研究结果发表在最近一期的国际权威期刊《神经元》杂志上(《神经元》第 84 期,324-331页,2014 年10月22日。PMID:25374358)。

该论文的作者采用一种名为“全外显子组罕见基因变异负担分析”的方法进行了一项原理循证研究。由于家族性 ALS 具有发病迟和进展迅速的临床特点,因此从一个患病家族的多个患病个体采集 DNA 样本经常会受到限制,这成了传统的分离分析法遇到的一个难题。据作者介绍,全外显子组罕见基因变异负担分析能够克服这一局限性,从而对家族中非血缘 ALS 患者与疾病相关的罕见基因变异进行鉴定。

研究小组采集的样本量也很可观,包括一个发现队列和一个复制队列,并具备足够数量的病例和对照。通过对发现队列的分析,研究小组发现 TUBA4A 基因的变异可能是家族性 ALS 的易感危险因素。对复制队列进行进一步分析确认了患者体内存在 TUBA4A 基因变异富集,并证实了从发现队列中获得的结果。

除了与外显子组基因序列相关的分析以外,论文作者还使用在家族性 ALS 病例中发现的 TUBA4A 变异基因进行了一系列体外功能研究。这些研究表明,细胞骨架功能被破坏或扰乱可能是 ALS 的致病机制之一。这一观点得到了文献印证,文献综述结果表明另外还有四个细胞骨架基因(PFN1、DCTN1、PRPH 和 NEPH)与 ALS 相关,并且至少有七种其它微管蛋白与数种神经发育及神经退行性疾病的发病有关。如果该论文的结果可以在今后的研究中再现,则全外显子组罕见基因变异负担分析则有可能用于研究其它遗传性疾病。

目前,还没有能够有效治疗ALS 的方法。对 ALS 易感基因的鉴定将增进我们对这种疾病的病因和发病机制的了解,进而在今后长期采用药物干预减轻 ALS 患者的病痛,并最终治愈ALS。

原始出处

Smith BN1, Ticozzi N2, Fallini C3, Gkazi AS1, Topp S1, Kenna KP4, Scotter EL1, Kost J5, Keagle P3, Miller JW1, Calini D2, Vance C1, Danielson EW3, Troakes C1, Tiloca C6, Al-Sarraj S1, Lewis EA3, King A1, Colombrita C2,et.al.Exome-wide Rare Variant Analysis Identifies TUBA4A Mutations Associated with Familial ALS.Neuron. 2014 Oct 22

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    2014-12-20 by2021
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    2014-11-29 wetgdt

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冰桶挑战引发的狂欢,让ALS(肌肉萎缩性侧索硬化症)进入了热门搜索排行榜,依靠名人效应病毒式的传播,罕见病患者——这一不为人知的群体终于走进了公众的视线。一时间各路人士纷纷倾囊相助,然而从长远来看,民间捐助只能解决部分罕见病患者无力负担治疗费用的当前局面,科研技术与临床水平的发展才能真正为罕见病患者带来治疗的希望。在不久前召开的第二届国际罕见病会议上,来自全球各地罕见病领域的专家学者进行了深入

Brain:一种缓解ALS病人痉挛的新疗法

近日,来自法国斯特拉斯堡的研究者揭示了引发肌肉萎缩性脊髓侧索硬化症(ALS)患者出现痉挛的原因,研究者发现负责血清素释放的神经元的退化是患者痉挛的主要原因,长期研究中,研究者假设,在大脑中扮演血清素受体的分子可以消除病人的痉挛状态。相关研究成果刊登于国际杂志Brain上。 ALS是一种神经变性疾病,每年在100,000个法国人中会有2-3个新增病例。该疾病对于患者控制运动的神经元影响较大,尤其是

Neuron:研究发现治疗ALS的新靶标

近日,梅奥诊所与斯克里普斯研究所研究人员,已经制定了新治疗策略,用于打击那些引发神经退行性疾病肌萎缩侧索硬化(ALS或卢伽雷氏病)和额颞叶痴呆(FTD)疾病的最常见遗传风险因子。相关研究发表在Neuron杂志上,新研究也发现了潜在生物标志物,来跟踪疾病的进展和治疗功效。科学家开发出一种小分子化合物,可以防止因C9ORF72基因突变引起的异常细胞过程。这项发现是在梅奥诊所先前研究成果基础上获得的,先