Science Advances:DNA纳米管,突破血脑屏障,为胶质母细胞瘤带来希望

2021-12-23 “ 生物世界”公众号 “ 生物世界”公众号

胶质母细胞瘤(GBM)是一类常见的原发性恶性脑肿瘤。由于这类肿瘤恶性程度极高,所以绝大部分的患者预后极差:胶质母细胞瘤患者经过手术放化疗等治疗手段后,其生存中位数仅为15个月左右,五年生存率不到5%。

胶质母细胞瘤(GBM)是一类常见的原发性恶性脑肿瘤。由于这类肿瘤恶性程度极高,所以绝大部分的患者预后极差:胶质母细胞瘤患者经过手术放化疗等治疗手段后,其生存中位数仅为15个月左右,五年生存率不到5%,因此胶质母细胞瘤是当今肿瘤治疗中的重大挑战之一,由于血脑屏障(BBB)的存在,很难开发出可以突破血脑屏障的治疗药物,这也凸显了对创新疗法和药物的迫切需求。

近日,约翰·霍普金斯大学、明尼苏达大学的研究人员在 Science Advances 期刊发表了题为:ssDNA nanotubes for selective targeting of glioblastoma and delivery of doxorubicin for enhanced survival 的研究论文。

研究团队使用DNA纳米技术构建了一种单链DNA纳米管(ssDNA nanotubes),可作为药物递送系统,穿越血脑屏障,靶向胶质母细胞瘤来提高治疗效果和存活率。

DNA纳米技术允许研究人员将合成DNA用于各种研究目的,研究团队发现,10个核苷酸的单链DNA-两性分子形成平行的G-四链体(G-quadruplexes)结构,并自组装成中空纳米管。还可以通过定制合成DNA来实现对特定细胞的靶向。这种DNA纳米管不仅是一个包裹(核酸药物),还是快递员(递送系统),将药物递送到特定组织和细胞。

研究团队使用小鼠模型来测试ssDNA纳米管在靶向胶质母细胞瘤的准确性,将ssDNA纳米管注射到小鼠大脑半球的两侧:一侧是健康的,另一侧充满了胶质母细胞瘤。

研究特定观察到肿瘤附着在纳米管上,但它们不存在于大脑的健康一侧,这表明该疗法伤害健康细胞的可能性很小。研究团队团队还将纳米管通过小鼠尾静脉注射,并观察到了相同的结果,这表明纳米管成功穿过了血脑屏障。

对于胶质母细胞瘤来说,通过手术难以完全清除,因此容易复发。因此手术后还需要进行化疗。

因此,研究团队使用ssDNA纳米管作为化疗药物阿霉素的递送载体。研究团队在小鼠大脑一侧注射了胶质母细胞瘤以模拟手术切除后残留的癌细胞,然后对比了空ssDNA纳米管、阿霉素,以及携带了阿霉素的ssDNA纳米管的治疗效果。

两周后停止治疗,并监测这些小鼠约一个半月。实验结果显示,仅接受阿霉素治疗的小鼠出现了肝脏和脾脏毒性作用,而空纳米管和携带阿霉素的纳米管治疗的小鼠则没有出现毒性作用,更重要的是,接受携带阿霉素的纳米管治疗的小鼠存活率显着提高,研究结束时,仍有一半小鼠存活。

总的来说,这项研究结果表明,ssDNA纳米管是一种很有前景的工具,可以突破血脑屏障,靶向胶质母细胞瘤,可作用药物递送系统为致命脑肿瘤提供治疗。

原始出处:

MICHAEL A. HARRIS, et al. ssDNA nanotubes for selective targeting of glioblastoma and delivery of doxorubicin for enhanced survival. SCIENCE ADVANCES, 1 Dec 2021, Vol 7, Issue 49.

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    2021-12-25 jichang
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    2021-12-24 ms2000000783070069

    纳米材料

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