Nat Med:研究人员开发检测隐藏艾滋病毒的方法

2017-05-31 佚名 Medical Xpress

长期以来,寻求开发艾滋病毒治疗方法被一个似乎很简单的问题所阻碍:医生如何确定某人是否治愈?该病毒具有在免疫细胞中休眠的诀窍,除了最昂贵和耗时的测试之外,无法检测到病毒的水平。匹兹堡大学公共卫生研究院的科学家今天在“自然医学”(Nature Medicine)上宣布,他们制定了一个足够敏感的检测手段来检测“隐藏的”艾滋病毒,而且该检测手段是比目前的“黄金标准”更快,更少的劳动密集度和更便宜的“测试”

长期以来,寻求开发艾滋病毒治疗方法被一个似乎很简单的问题所阻碍:医生如何确定某人是否治愈?该病毒具有在免疫细胞中休眠的诀窍,除了最昂贵和耗时的测试之外,无法检测到病毒的水平。

匹兹堡大学公共卫生研究院的科学家今天在“自然医学”(Nature Medicine)上宣布,他们制定了一个足够敏感的检测手段来检测“隐藏的”艾滋病毒,而且该检测手段是比目前的“黄金标准”更快,更少的劳动密集度和更便宜的“测试”。

新的皮特测试还显示,似乎在治愈艾滋病的人中潜伏的病毒数量比以前的估计高出约70倍。

资深作者Phalguni Gupta博士,皮特教授即副主席说:“在全球范围内已经通过寻找合适的方法来消除那些尽管采取了最好的治疗方法,但仍然顽固地持续存在于病人身上的病毒储库。” “但是如果我们没有灵敏和实用的测试来告诉医生是否有人已经被真正治愈,那么这些努力就不会有进展。”

HIV通过感染CD4 + T细胞传播,CD4 + T细胞是一种在保护身体免受感染方面发挥重要作用的白细胞。用于治疗艾滋病毒的抗逆转录病毒疗法已经进展到能够使艾滋病毒感染者对艾滋病毒具有良好的控制性,从而使得每百万CD4 + T细胞可能只有一个感染性病毒。

然而,整合到这些细胞中的大部分HIV DNA是有缺陷的,这意味着它不会导致感染。一旦艾滋病毒治疗发挥了作用,确定测试中检测到的HIV DNA是否真的可以产生更多的病毒,并且如果治疗停止则导致该患者复发,这一点至关重要。因此,测试必须能够显示其检测到的病毒是否是可以复制的——这种复制通常通过从样本中生长病毒来进行。

迄今为止,可以进行的最佳测试称为“定量病毒生长测定法”或Q-VOA。这个测试有许多缺点:它可能仅提供对潜伏HIV病毒储存库的大小的最小估计;需要大量的血液;并且是劳动密集型,耗时且昂贵。

Gupta的团队开发了一个他们称之为TZA的测试。通过检测仅在存在HIV复制时才开启的基因,从而标记病毒以供技术人员量化。

与使用Q-VOA产生结果所需的两周相比,TZA测试在一周内产生结果,成本为三分之一。它还需要很少的血液,而且劳动密集度较低。

Gupta说:“使用这个测试,我们证明无症状的抗逆转录病毒治疗患者的艾滋病病毒储存量比以前的估计高得多 - 这是Q-VOA检测的70倍。 “因为这些测试有不同的方式来测量能够复制的艾滋病毒,所以随着科学家努力治愈,这两种测试可能都是有益的。”

由于其细胞需求低,TZA还可用于定量儿科人群以及病毒持续存在的淋巴结和组织中的复制型HIV-1。

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    2018-05-11 liye789132251
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    2017-09-09 1861ff86b0m

    希望科学快点进步.早日杀灭病毒

    0

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    2017-06-02 133****4869

    长知识了

    0

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    2017-06-01 187****0626

    以后会成为医学发展新趋势么

    0

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    2017-06-01 明儿

    好牛

    0

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    2017-06-01 laoli

    学习了,谢谢分享!

    0

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