BMC PSYCHIAT:心理所揭示精神分裂症患者心理理论受损 对异常社会决策行为起部分中介作用

2017-05-15 佚名 心理研究所

中国科学院心理研究所行为科学重点实验室李纾研究组的青年特聘研究员周媛与武汉大学人民医院精神科教授王惠玲、丹麦奥胡斯大学博士 Vibeke Bliksted 合作,采用中介分析研究神经认知和 ToM 能力在精神分裂症患者异常最后通牒决策行为中的作用。

图 1 心理理论 (ToM) 或认知神经功能对迷你最后通牒行为 (mini UG) 中介效应的中介分析示意图

图 2(A)miniUG 范式中被试对分配方案的拒绝率;(B)被试拒绝率受分配情境影响的二元逻辑回归分析结果

日常生活中,我们每天都会作各种决策,决策对人们有重要意义。人与人交往过程中做出的决策即为社会决策,或者更确切地说称为策略性决策——在他人决策背景下,策略性地做出自己的决策。心理理论 (Theory of mind, ToM) 作为一种推测他人意图、动机等心理状态的能力,与社会决策密切相关。研究社会决策的惯用范式是博弈论范式。前人用这类范式发现:与正常人相比,精神分裂症患者在社会决策时,会表现出不相信别人、没有策略以及较少拒绝不公平分配等异常行为。那么精神分裂症患者这种异常社会决策行为的心理机制是什么?是患者受损的认知神经功能还是患者受损的 ToM 能力中介了其社会决策行为的异常?

中国科学院心理研究所行为科学重点实验室李纾研究组的青年特聘研究员周媛与武汉大学人民医院精神科教授王惠玲、丹麦奥胡斯大学博士 Vibeke Bliksted 合作,采用中介分析研究神经认知和 ToM 能力在精神分裂症患者异常最后通牒决策行为中的作用 (图 1)。研究采用精神分裂症认知评估测验(BACS) 评估患者的认知神经功能;采用心理理论图片故事任务 (TMPST) 测量被试的心理理论能力 (ToM 能力);采用迷你最后通牒游戏(miniUG) 范式测量被试作为回应者的社会决策行为。在经典最后通牒博弈中,由两名参与者共同分配一笔钱。其中一人作为提议者,提出分配方案;另一人作为回应者可以接受或拒绝这一分配方案。如果回应者接受分配方案,就按提议者的方案分配;如果回应者拒绝分配方案,那么两人均将一无所获。miniUG 是在这一经典范式基础上给提议者提供了两个分配方案选项,通过将同一不公平分配结果置于不同的备择选项中反映提议者的行为意图,所以回应者可以根据提议者未选择的选项推测出提议者的意图、动机等心理状态。因此,采用这种范式可以研究决定回应者决策的是不公平感还是提议者的隐藏意图。

研究发现,精神分裂症患者对于不利方案的拒绝率显着低于健康组被试,而对有利方案的拒绝率显着高于健康组被试(图 2A)。二元逻辑回归分析表明精神分裂症患者对分配方案变化的敏感度低于健康组被试(图 2B)。分别对 ToM 和认知神经的中介分析发现,TMPST 任务中问卷得分而不是 BACS 得分部分中介了精神分裂症患者和健康被试在社会决策行为中的组间差异。

该研究结果不仅验证了精神分裂症患者在社会决策中会接受更多不利于自己的方案,拒绝更多有利于自己的方案,而且发现精神分裂症患者对社会决策情景的变化不敏感。并进一步揭示了是精神分裂症患者的 ToM 能力缺陷,而不是认知神经功能缺陷对这种异常的社会决策行为起部分中介作用。未来研究需要进一步明确心理理论缺陷的特定方面如何影响精神分裂症患者的社会决策行为。

上述研究部分受国家自然科学基金(No.81371476)、“863”项目 (No.2015AA020513)、中科院青年创新促进会(2012075)、国家留学基金委基金支持。研究论文已在线发表于 BMC Psychiatry 期刊。

原始出处:

Liuqing Yang, Peifu Li, Haiying Mao,et al. Theory of mind deficits partly mediate impaired social decision-making in schizophrenia. BMC Psychiatry (2017) 17:168 DOI 10.1186/s12888-017-1313-3.

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