外科病房的护士遇到急性心衰患者怎么办

2017-03-27 包丽玲 中国护理管理

外科护士还是要注意多对特殊患者进行巡视,多观察病情,了解患者的异常情况,及时通知医生,做医生的好帮手,积极参与抢救。心衰是指由于心脏的收缩功能和(或)舒张功能发生障碍,不能将静脉回心血量充分排出心脏,导致静脉系统血液淤积,动脉系统血液灌注不足,从而引起心脏循环障碍症候群,此种障碍症候群集中表现为肺淤血、腔静脉淤血。其中绝大多数的心力衰竭都是以左心衰竭开始的,即首先表现为肺循环淤血。急性心衰的临床表

外科护士还是要注意多对特殊患者进行巡视,多观察病情,了解患者的异常情况,及时通知医生,做医生的好帮手,积极参与抢救。

心衰是指由于心脏的收缩功能和(或)舒张功能发生障碍,不能将静脉回心血量充分排出心脏,导致静脉系统血液淤积,动脉系统血液灌注不足,从而引起心脏循环障碍症候群,此种障碍症候群集中表现为肺淤血、腔静脉淤血。

其中绝大多数的心力衰竭都是以左心衰竭开始的,即首先表现为肺循环淤血。

急性心衰的临床表现是左心功能降低,进而劳力性呼吸困难、夜间阵发性呼吸困难、高枕睡眠等。

急性肺水肿起病急,突发的严重呼吸困难、端坐呼吸、喘息不止、烦躁不安并有恐惧感,呼吸频率可达30~50次/分;频繁咳嗽并咯出大量粉红色泡沫样痰;心率快,心尖部常可闻及奔马律;两肺满布湿啰音和哮鸣音。

最后发生心源性休克,病人持续性低血压、心动过速、皮肤湿冷、尿量少等等。

当在内科病房,发生心衰时,经验丰富的内科护士会立刻请医生过来进行诊治,通过药物的及时治疗及抢救,很多的病人都可以转危为安。

内科病房对内科疾病抢救有优势:

1.内科护士有抢救工作的经验,对于抢救流程非常熟悉。

2.抢救车内药物齐全,医生随时下医嘱,药物随时用上,避免耽误患者的抢救时间。

3.内科医生对自己的所管床病人病情熟悉,且有丰富的工作经验,自己动手做床边心电图,从心电图波形、听诊心音等判断患者的情况。

4.内科医生对于不同的抢救药物的使用方法、剂量等都熟记于心,能根据患者的病情及时调整药物的使用,帮助患者渡过危险期。

所以在内科病房,患者发生急性心衰的时候,医护合作,抢救成功率非常高。

在外科病房,外科医生重视的是手术后的恢复情况。护士作为医生的眼睛,可以帮助医生获取许多有利的信息,那么发生急性心衰的时候,我们护士该如何为患者争取抢救时间呢?难道仅仅是给患者吸上氧、摆个正确体位,就干等着内科医生来会诊么?

我们外科护士能做的事情其实还有很多,任何疾病都是有个发生作发展的过程,只要能在黄金时间进行发现并及时通知医生采取正确用药治疗,或许就能避免一场惊心动魄的抢救。

1.重视患者主诉,外科病人术后经常有疼痛的主诉,或许有时患者的腹部切口疼痛会掩盖患者心脏区域的不适感,要主动询问患者是否有心慌、胸闷的症状。

2.观察患者的下肢,心衰前期,患者会有不同程度的双下肢凹陷型水肿的症状。

3.留意患者的尿量,同时与患者的补液量形成对比,如果补液量大而尿量少,就意味着患者体内水钠储溜,必然导致下肢及全身浮肿。

4.在年纪较大的患者或者有心脏病患者进行生命体征测量的时候,要选择心电监护仪进行测量,可以监测到患者的心率(心率过快)及血氧饱和度(血氧含量低),积极地正确的安放电极片,查看异常波形,及时的为患者进行双鼻孔或者面罩吸氧,减轻患者的缺氧状态。

5.当患者有胸闷气喘等不适主诉时,要及时通知外科医生请内科医生来紧急会诊,同时给患者半坐卧位或者端坐卧位,减少静脉血液回流,减轻心脏的负担。

6.调慢患者的补液速度,保证静脉通路通畅。

7.推抢救车到病房,或者准备心衰急救盒(强心、利尿等药物),减少药品从药房到病房的时间,避免出现无药可有的情况发生。

8.抢救时,接受并复述医生的口头医嘱,正确用药,观察患者的病情变化并做好记录。

说到底,外科护士还是要注意多对特殊患者进行巡视,多观察病情,了解患者的异常情况,及时通知医生,做医生的好帮手,积极参与抢救。

同时,外科病房可以进行应急预案的演练,让年轻护士多学多看,才能在危急时刻沉着应对,从容不迫。

对待心肺功能不佳或者年纪较大的患者,护士应该多留一份关注,多一次巡视,多一声问候。

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    2017-03-28 cqykthl

    还欠缺很多临床知识。

    0

  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1359781, encodeId=6ff21359e8138, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=5aa95229085' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#急性心衰#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=47, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=52290, encryptionId=5aa95229085, topicName=急性心衰)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=8e886, createdName=仁者大医, createdTime=Wed Mar 29 12:37:00 CST 2017, time=2017-03-29, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1373333, encodeId=ff3613e333394, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=2fd051939ab' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#心衰患者#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=35, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=51939, encryptionId=2fd051939ab, topicName=心衰患者)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=467c360, createdName=yuanming7, createdTime=Wed Mar 29 12:37:00 CST 2017, time=2017-03-29, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=183296, encodeId=20b5183296dc, content=还欠缺很多临床知识。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=83, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mStl88fu4NdicLmdJEK9VoiaDianY6fzHNN9iaGv80m39pMHU3eSnNN0kn1o0rdQ7Bz2f03Qibcf1ia7rKvxIt4UVlErF2d4gCmDC5/0, createdBy=98e31740255, createdName=cqykthl, createdTime=Tue Mar 28 16:36:25 CST 2017, time=2017-03-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=183236, encodeId=dbe618323678, content=学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=93, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/Q0j4TwGTfTKfcA3xZnott5TnvcnGrdO58uy0RP4NgPa0Qz8FibHlolypPLEmmcGicSPMJVWQKbRkAY8UVZlFRtGw/132, createdBy=c67f2030047, createdName=喜婷, createdTime=Tue Mar 28 08:45:37 CST 2017, time=2017-03-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=183194, encodeId=5578183194d4, content=学习了很有用, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=86, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/oLAjfB7s1ib3IzoRn621JdKCFUI4XvNELcibocrAVU6aUzEVDSaf3rYH08PUYUiagGqxAEhj8g9WqqNvD1CupIpCrmnR2OrqHZh/0, createdBy=7f181365728, createdName=飛歌, createdTime=Tue Mar 28 07:42:03 CST 2017, time=2017-03-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=183180, encodeId=974818318076, content=学习了!谢谢分享!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mONcle9pic3zqSSMhCvIZtq4uqLEqQzEDcV8Vwet8S506muYbEDWicWNq968mO5jSibaVVDeMf5067MnZ4XgE6clw/0, createdBy=7feb1930691, createdName=针尖跳舞, createdTime=Tue Mar 28 07:31:20 CST 2017, time=2017-03-28, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2017-03-28 喜婷

    学习了

    0

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    2017-03-28 飛歌

    学习了很有用

    0

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    2017-03-28 针尖跳舞

    学习了!谢谢分享!

    0

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