Am J Clin Nutr:多学科讨论:围孕期补充高剂量叶酸竟对4~5岁儿童有如此危害!

2017-09-22 吴星 环球医学

2017年9月,发表在《Am J Clin Nutr》的由西班牙科学家进行的前瞻性出生队列儿童与环境(INMA)研究,考察了产妇补充高剂量叶酸对4~5岁儿童神经认知发育的影响。



2017年9月,发表在《Am J Clin Nutr》的由西班牙科学家进行的前瞻性出生队列儿童与环境(INMA)研究,考察了产妇补充高剂量叶酸对4~5岁儿童神经认知发育的影响。请看本期多学科讨论组临床药师各抒己见为您梳理本文看点——

背景:围孕期使用叶酸补充剂(FAS)预防子代神经管缺陷和保证正常脑发育的获益已经被很好认知。然而,产妇使用超过最大耐受量的FAS(UL;≥1000μg/d)对其子代神经认知结局的长期影响值得关注。

目的:研究妊娠期使用高剂量FAS与子代儿童4~5岁时神经心理发育之间的相关性。

设计:该多中心、前瞻性、母儿队列研究(INMA)在西班牙4个地区进行:阿斯图里亚斯、萨瓦德尔、吉普斯夸、巴伦西亚。纳入2003~2008年间的孕妇。其中1682对母子的数据纳入到最终分析。孕妇完成访谈式调查问卷,该调查问卷用来评估典型膳食叶酸摄入量,以及妊娠10~13和28~32周FAS的使用情况。使用麦卡锡儿童能力量表评估4~5岁儿童的神经心理发育评分。多元线性回归和Meta分析用于获得组合效果评估。

结果:围孕期,三分之一女性(502人)的FAS摄入剂量≥1000μg/d。该阶段,≥1000μg/d的FAS摄入剂量与儿童数个神经心理结局评分负相关:总体语言(β=-2.49;95% CI:-4.71~-0.27)、言语记忆(β=-3.59;95% CI:-6.95~-0.23)、大脑后皮质的认知功能(β=-2.31;95% CI:-4.45~-0.18)、左后皮质的认知功能(β=-3.26;95% CI:-5.51~-1.01)。

结论:围孕期使用超UL(≥1000μg/d)的FAS与儿童4~5岁时较低水平的认知发育相关。妊娠期FAS的剂量≥1000μg/d应该被监测,并尽可能预防,除非医生处方确证。

多学科讨论记实:

应考虑早期神经心理评估的有效性。据我们所知,这是首个前瞻性考察儿童早期不同年龄FASs对神经心理发育影响的研究。结果与西班牙梅诺卡岛儿童队列中一些MCSA评分报告的改善不一致。这项西班牙研究中,未收集孕期和FAS剂量的信息,然而,仅纳入了关于妊娠开始时FAS使用的封闭式问题(回答“是”或“否”)。

关于FA过度补充的问题也引发关注,因为未代谢的FA可能参与特定的不良反应,如贫血、认知损伤和一些慢性疾病。在妊娠女性中进行的研究已经表明高剂量FASs与后代发育不良影响之间的可能相关性,这也在动物研究中得以证实。

本研究有局限性。研究者校正了范围广泛的潜在混杂因素,尽管不能无视未知因素、剩余混杂因素或受试者随访脱落导致的偏倚的影响。此外,自我报告饮食和补充评估可能造成一些误分类,但报告中的任何不准确度应该是无差别的。

原始出处:

Valera-Gran D, Navarrete-Muoz EM, Garcia de la Hera M, et al. Effect of maternal high dosages of folic acid supplements on neurocognitive development in children at 4-5 y of age: the prospective birth cohort Infancia y Medio Ambiente (INMA) study. Am J Clin Nutr. 2017 Sep;106(3):878-887. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.117.152769. Epub 2017 Jul 19.

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    2018-02-11 amy0550
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    2017-09-22 131****1460

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据7月23/30日发表在《美国医学会杂志》上的一则研究披露,在非洲的异性恋伴侣中,当男方HIV阳性而女方为阴性时,与那些接受安慰剂的女性相比,接受抗逆转录病毒的接触前预防 (PrEP) 疗法没有在怀孕发生率、出生结局及婴儿生长方面带来显著的差异。文章的作者指出,这些发现没有提出一个有关在怀孕之前PrEP疗法安全性的确切结论。这一期杂志将提前出版,以与国际艾滋病大会时间一致。以每