Neurology:帕金森病患者步态障碍,补偿策略知多少

2022-08-30 Freeman MedSci原创

支持在PD的步态康复中使用补偿策略,但强调了个性化方法的重要性

在帕金森病(PD)患者中,步态障碍是常见的和致残的。步幅缩短、步态变异性增加和手臂摆动减少是典型发生在帕金森病患者身上的连续步态障碍的例子。随着疾病的发展,偶发的步态障碍,包括步态冻结(FOG)和晕厥,也可能发挥作用。步态障碍的存在往往会导致跌倒和与跌倒有关的伤害,并严重影响功能活动能力、独立性和生活质量。

图1: 论文封面图

由于多巴胺能药物治疗和深部脑刺激通常对步态障碍只有适度的影响,应用补偿策略已成为PD步态康复的一个重要部分。这些策略通常是由PD患者自创的,包括一系列的 "迂回",以克服步态障碍和改善功能移动。例如,在跟随音乐节拍行走时改善步态,边走边数,倒着走,爬楼梯,或在有特定视觉图案的地板上行走。虽然经常在FOG的背景下应用,但补偿策略也能改善连续步态缺陷。

到目前为止,PD的补偿策略通常以案例报告的形式报道。除了外部提示(如有节奏的听觉刺激),这些策略的疗效很少以系统的方式被调查。2019年,提出了一个由七类不同策略组成的综合框架:外部提示、内部提示、改变平衡要求、改变心理状态、行动观察或运动想象、采用新的行走模式,以及替代行走的方法。这一框架成为对4,324名患有PD和步态障碍的人进行补偿策略认知的大规模调查的基础,提供了补偿策略有效的第四级证据。然而,该研究也证实,具体策略的功效因人而异,强调了需要采取单独定制的方法。我们仍然没有充分了解这些策略的基本工作机制是什么,以及哪些病人的特征可能与各种补偿策略的个人疗效有关。这阻碍了医护人员提供亟需的个性化步态康复的能力。

藉此,荷兰奈梅亨大学的Anouk Tosserams等人,评估了五类不同补偿策略的功效:外部提示、内部提示、动作观察、运动想象和采用新的行走模式。

主要目的:
(1)建立患者对不同策略的功效和可用性的看法;
(2)量化策略对时空步态参数的功效
(3)探索特定策略对步态的影响是否与某些患者特征有关。

他们招募了PD患者和自我报告的失能步态障碍者参加这项基于实验室的对象内研究。临床测量包括:问卷调查(NFOG-Q、VMIQ-2、GMSI)、认知评估(ANT、MoCA、Brixton)和体格检查(MDS-UPDRS III、Mini-BEST、串联步态、快速转向测试)。

步态评估包括在6米长的走道上进行6次3分钟的连续行走试验。

试验包括:1)基线步态;2)外部提示;3)内部提示;4)动作观察;5)运动想象;和6)采用新的行走模式。使用三维运动捕捉分析获得时空步态参数。与基线步态相比,策略的有效性由步态变异性的变化决定。使用回归分析探讨了相关的患者特征。

101名参与者(50名男性;中位[范围]年龄:66[47-91]岁)被纳入。

图2:论文结果图

不同策略的效果在参与者中差异很大。虽然基线变异性较高的参与者使用补偿策略有较大的改善,但没有步态冻结、MDS-UPDRS III评分较低、平衡能力较高和定向注意力表现较好的参与者在步态变异性方面也有较大改善。

更高的MoCA分数与外部提示的更大作用有关。

该研究的重要意义在于发现了:支持在PD的步态康复中使用补偿策略,但强调了个性化方法的重要性。即使是高步态变异性的患者也能通过应用补偿策略而得到改善,但要从补偿策略中获得最佳效益,似乎需要一定的认知和功能储备水平。

 

原文出处:
Tosserams A, Keijsers N, Kapelle W, et al. Evaluation of Compensation Strategies for Gait Impairment in Patients With Parkinson Disease. _Neurology_. Published online August 25, 2022:10.1212/WNL.0000000000201159. doi:[10.1212/WNL.0000000000201159](https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.0000000000201159)

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    2022-10-27 xxxx1061
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    2022-09-12 yinhl1978
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无论是健康饮食还是积极锻炼,都能充分保护帕金森患者的寿命。

拓展阅读

综述|重复经颅磁刺激治疗帕金森病言语障碍研究进展

rTMS在PD言语障碍的治疗中取得了良好的效果,但目前研究的数量较少,未来还需要更多大规模和大样本量的随机对照试验来进一步验证和支持其效果。

Lancet Neurol:帕金森病新分类模型

该模型被称为SynNeurGe(发音为“synergy”),旨在捕捉帕金森病的异质性,并帮助研究该疾病的潜在生物学。

疑难探究:当帕金森病遇到OH如何与MSA-P 鉴别?

MSA患者的认知缺陷仍未得到很好的描述,OH是否会像PD一样增加MSA患者未来痴呆的风险仍有待评估。

帕金森病:认知障碍From PD-MCI to PDD

帕金森病的认知能力下降与胆碱能系统退化有关,这可以使用基底前脑体积的结构性MRI标记物和皮质胆碱能活性的PET测量在体内进行评估。

帕金森病:睡眠障碍与昼夜节律

帕金森病是一种进行性神经退行性疾病,具有运动和非运动症状,包括睡眠功能障碍。非运动症状对生活质量有负面影响,并且通常比运动症状更令人烦恼。

European Radiology:使用多模态PET/MRI放射组学识别帕金森病和多系统萎缩

放射组学是指从医学影像中高通量提取丰富的影像信息,以辅助医生做出最准确的诊断。现阶段,放射组学已广泛应用于肿瘤学研究,如肿瘤的诊断、分级、疗效评估、预后预测等。

2024 NICE 诊断指南:帕金森病远程监测设备 [DG51]

英国国家卫生与临床优化研究所(NICE,National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence) · 2024-01-25

2023 NICE 技术鉴定指南:左旋多巴/卡比多巴组合治疗伴有运动症状的晚期帕金森病[TA934]

英国国家卫生与临床优化研究所(NICE,National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence) · 2023-11-29

帕金森病患者睡眠障碍评估与护理干预的最佳证据总结

浙江中医药大学护理学院 · 2023-08-10

早中期帕金森病患者运动管理的最佳证据总结

山东第一医科大学附属省立医院老年神经内科 · 2023-05-10