Movement disorders:PM2.5,或可诱发帕金森病

2022-08-31 Freeman MedSci原创

M2.5触发了α-Syn的病理学和PD的发病

帕金森病(PD)是第二种最常见的神经退行性疾病,影响着全世界400多万人。在病理学上,帕金森病的特点是黑质(SN)旁的多巴胺能神经元选择性地退化,并在剩余的神经元中形成路易体。路易体的主要蛋白成分是聚集的α-synuclein(α-Syn)。

 

图1: 论文封面图

有趣的是,α-Syn病理的空间进展在PD大脑中遵循一种刻板的模式。病理首先出现在嗅球(OB)和舌咽和迷走神经的背侧运动核,然后扩散到中脑和前脑。越来越多的证据表明,病理性α-Syn经历了细胞间的传递,并作为模板诱导可溶性α-Syn的聚集,导致整个大脑的病理放大。PD的病因很复杂,涵盖了多种互动的遗传和环境风险因素。PD的环境因素包括杀虫剂、重金属、病毒、空气污染等等。

多项流行病学研究发现,接触空气污染与PD的发病和进展高度相关。细颗粒物(PM2.5)是一种常见的空气污染,其颗粒的空气动力学直径≤2.5微米。最近,PM2.5对中枢神经系统的影响,特别是对PD发病的影响,正引起越来越多的关注。一项基于人口的纵向队列研究发现,接触PM2.5会显著增加PD的发病率。

令人震惊的是,长期暴露于高水平的空气污染会导致α-Syn在人脑中的积累,并增加脑脊液中低聚α-Syn的水平。空气污染暴露也会诱发儿童和相对年轻的成年人的OB内的α-Syn病理。

此外,生活在墨西哥城污染区的儿童患嗅觉障碍的风险增加,这是PD的早期症状之一。以前的研究表明,PM2.5会诱发神经炎症和自噬抑制,这被认为会促进神经元损伤。然而,目前仍不清楚PM2.5是否直接引发了α-Syn的聚集和黑质多巴胺能通路的退化,而这正是PD的组织病理学特征。

藉此,武汉大学人民医院的Xin Yuan等评估了PM2.5对α-Syn聚集的影响。

图2:论文结果图

他们发现,PM2.5在体外和体内都能促进α-Syn的纤维化。此外,与纯α-Syn纤维化相比,PM2.5诱导的α-Syn纤维化表现出更强的播种活性和神经毒性。

在表达人类A53T突变体α-Syn的转基因小鼠(α-Syn A53T小鼠)中,脑内注射或鼻内灌注PM2.5会加重PD样病变和运动障碍。

这些结果表明,PM2.5触发了α-Syn的病理学和PD的发病。细颗粒物引发α-Synuclein纤维化和帕金森样神经变性。


原文出处:
Yuan X, Yang Y, Liu C, et al. Fine Particulate Matter Triggers α‐Synuclein Fibrillization and Parkinson‐like Neurodegeneration. _Movement Disorders_. Published online August 22, 2022:mds.29181. doi:[10.1002/mds.29181](https://doi.org/10.1002/mds.29181)

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    2022-12-07 anminleiryan
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    2022-11-28 cmsvly
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