Diabetes care:磺脲类及胰岛素可明显增加老年糖尿病患者低血糖风险!

2021-05-07 MedSci原创 MedSci原创

糖尿病(DM)和糖尿病前期都是社会最主要的公共卫生挑战,分别影响着全球4.63亿和3.74亿成年人。

糖尿病(DM)和糖尿病前期都是社会最主要的公共卫生挑战,分别影响着全球4.63亿和3.74亿成年人。众所周知,由于高血糖和免疫机制改变等原因,DM患者身体功能衰退和残疾的风险较高,甚至会引起过早死亡,因此给卫生和社会护理系统带来巨大的负担。

其中,饮食控制、药物治疗(如磺脲类)、胰岛素治疗一直是DM治疗的“三驾马车”。然而,药物就像双刃剑,既能帮助糖友控制血糖,降低并发症风险,又可能带来某些副作用/不良反应。因此,很多初诊患者听到可能要终身服药,抗拒心理十分严重。

目前已几项评估DM和身体功能之间关系的横断面研究显示,DM患者身体功能限制的发生率很高。由于DM前期与各种疾病(如血管疾病和肾脏疾病)有关,因此糖尿病前期患者可能在确诊为DM前就出现功能下降和残疾却不被重视。

迄今为止,没有基于人群的队列研究专门调查糖尿病治疗与严重低血糖和死亡的相对和绝对风险的关系。为此,来自英国李斯特大学的专家比较了2型糖尿病老人的血糖控制、磺脲类药物和胰岛素治疗相关的严重低血糖和死亡的相对和绝对风险。结果发表在《糖尿病护理》(Diabetes Care)杂志上。

研究人员在英国临床实践初级保健数据库(Clinical Practice Research Datalink)中确定了2000-2017年间患有2型糖尿病(T2DM)的老年受试者(≥70岁)。并与住院和死亡数据相连接。

根据是否使用胰岛素和/或磺酰脲类药物(暴露因素),与第三个HbA1c值之前的60天内,连续三个HbA1c值<7%(53 mmol/mol)受试者进行了匹配。估计了因严重低血糖而住院以及心血管和非心血管相关死亡的危险比(HRs)和绝对风险。

治疗时长与严重低血糖及其它副作用发生的关系

结果在纳入的22857名受试者中(6288名[27.5%]为暴露者,其中5659名[90.0%]使用磺酰脲类药物),随访期间发生了10878名(47.6%)死亡和1392名(6.1%)严重低血糖发作的情况。

与未暴露的受试者相比,暴露的受试者中严重低血糖的风险升高152%(aHR=2.52,95% CI: 2.23, 2.84),但心血管死亡及非心血管死亡风险没有差异(HR分别为0.98 [0.91, 1.06],1.05 [0.99, 1.11])。

不同年龄段低血糖和死亡风险的差异

进一步分析发现,在70岁、75岁、80岁和85岁的受试者中,严重低血糖的10年风险比没有使用药物及胰岛素的受试者高7.7%、8.1%、8.6%和8.4%,而非心血管死亡率的差异从70岁受试者的1.2%到85岁受试者的1.6%。同时,使用磺胺类药物和胰岛素是预测严重低血糖和死亡风险的相关因素。

接受磺酰脲类或胰岛素治疗的T2DM老年受试者因严重低血糖住院的风险大大增加,但没有明确的证据表明死亡风险增加。

 

参考文献:

Glucose Control, Sulfonylureas, and Insulin Treatment in Elderly People With Type 2 Diabetes and Risk of Severe Hypoglycemia and Death: An Observational Study. Diabetes Care 2021 Apr; 44(4): 915-924. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc20-0876

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    2021-08-01 baoya
  5. 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objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=49, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=misszhang, createdTime=Fri May 07 16:17:24 CST 2021, time=2021-05-07, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2021-08-12 ms5000001661718063

    学习了!

    0

  6. 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  7. 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    2021-05-08 xiaomilu

    学习了!

    0

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    2021-05-07 misszhang

    谢谢MedSci提供最新的资讯

    0

拓展阅读

治疗单基因糖尿病,磺脲类降糖药效果更佳!

目前发现的单基因突变糖尿病大致为以下4类:青少年发病的成年型糖尿病(MODY),线粒体DNA突变导致的糖尿病(MDM),胰岛素基因突变导致的糖尿病,胰岛素受体基因突变导致的糖尿病。

“噻唑烷二酮”联合二线口服降糖药治疗可降低晚期糖尿病合并COPD患者急性加重的风险

在COPD-T2DM患者中,无论采用双药或三药联合方案,TZDs联合治疗均与AECOPD风险降低相关,特别是在中重度复杂COPD人群中。

多国指南建议综合推荐——尽管新的降糖疗法不断出现,磺脲类仍是理想的降糖药物治疗选择

第二代SUs包括格列齐特MR和格列美脲可作为首选,因为它们具有更好的安全性、降糖疗效、耐受性和成本效益。

Front Endocrinol:磺脲类降糖药与2型糖尿病患者的患癌风险

糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c),一种广泛使用的血糖控制指标,是T2DM启用和调整用药的一个重要预测因素。

ADA 2014:TZD和磺脲类降糖药或增骨折风险

美国糖尿病学会(ADA)2014年会的一项报告表明,与二甲双胍相比,口服降糖药TZD(噻唑烷二酮)和磺脲类降糖药可升高骨折风险,其机制仍有待确认。研究者表示,临床医生在处方降糖药时应考虑这一风险,尤其是对那些已经是骨折高危的患者。此项回顾性研究共纳入99892例新应用降糖药的患者,其中二甲双胍、磺脲类、二肽基肽酶抑制剂-4(DPP-4)、TZD、肠促胰岛素和氯茴苯酸类应用者分别为77.8%、15.