J Clin Psychiatry:帕利哌酮不同剂型停药后的复发率

2017-10-26 佚名 大话精神

精神分裂症的病情较为复杂,到目前为止,预防和延迟复发是精神分裂症的主要目标。旧病复发对患者的生理、心理和社会功能都会产生极大的伤害。理想状况下,精神分裂症患者应长期接受治疗,这是推迟复发的重要策略。与此同时,鉴于其他因素的考量,也有针对性和间歇性的抗精神病药治疗策略,但这种策略与复发风险的增加有关。

精神分裂症的病情较为复杂,到目前为止,预防和延迟复发是精神分裂症的主要目标。旧病复发对患者的生理、心理和社会功能都会产生极大的伤害。理想状况下,精神分裂症患者应长期接受治疗,这是推迟复发的重要策略。与此同时,鉴于其他因素的考量,也有针对性和间歇性的抗精神病药治疗策略,但这种策略与复发风险的增加有关。

本文的目的是评价同一种抗精神病药不同剂型在停药后的复发率,探讨药代动力学与精神分裂症复发之间的联系。本文以帕利哌酮为例,分别为帕利哌酮的1种口服剂型和2种长效注射剂(LAIs)。

比较帕利哌酮的口服制剂、PP1M和PP3M

筛选3个相似的随机双盲安慰剂对照研究,分别为每日一次的帕利哌酮缓释片(口服制剂,NCT00086320)、每月一次的棕榈酸帕利哌酮(PP1M,NCT00111189)以及每3个月一次的棕榈酸帕利哌酮(PP3M,NCT01529515)。其中口服制剂达到峰值血浆浓度的时间约为24小时,半衰期约为23小时。而肌肉注射的PP1M和PP3M的半衰期较长,从第一天开始释放,分别在第13天(PP1M)或第30-33天(PP3M)达到峰值,可检测时间长达126天(PP1M)或18个月(PP3M)。

在事后分析中,研究人员使用最终分析数据比较了3项研究在治疗中断(服用安慰剂)后的复发时间。复发标准(满足以下1条或以上即可判断复发):1)患者因精神分裂症症状入院治疗;2)连续两次评估PANSS总分增加;3)故意自伤或暴力行为导致自杀、伤人或重大损失;4)自杀或杀人意图以及攻击性行为。

半衰期越长,复发风险越低

449例患者参与了这3项研究:口服帕利哌酮组(101人),PP1M组(203人),PP3M组(145人)。患者主要是白人(60-66%),平均年龄从37.5岁到39.4岁不等。在每一组中,精神分裂症的诊断都发生在20多岁的中后期。

服用安慰剂后的第一次复发时间,其中口服帕利哌酮组的中位复发时间为58天(42-114天),PP1M为172天(134–222天),而PP3M组为395天(大于274天),两两比较具有统计学意义(P<0.0001)。相对于口服帕利哌酮的患者而言,PP1M组的复发风险降低56%,而PP3M的复发风险降低了79%((P<0.001))。相对于PP1M组的患者而言,PP3M组的复发风险也显着降低,约为52%(P<0.001)。



PANSS总分的增加所反映的症状恶化是3项研究中复发的最常见原因。PANSS总分的增加分别为29.3%、28.7%和14.8%。

结论

据悉,这是首个评估三种不同的抗精神病药剂型对停药后的复发风险和复发时间的影响的研究。由于个体的复发轨迹不同,因此,这些复发时间应为估值而非精确的预测。大约有50%的患者在停用帕利哌酮的3种制剂后仍会复发,不过平均复发中位时间分别为2个月(口服)、6个月(1个月)和13个月(3个月)。这可能与精神分裂症的风险缓解策略有关,在精神疾病的维持治疗中,不可避免会出现干扰(比如依从性问题,忘记服药的问题等),导致药物不能按时服用。服用口服制剂的患者在决定停药时,往往不会通知他们的医生,而是自行停药,这可能导致口服制剂停药后复发率较高。此外,抗精神病药的长效注射剂可能会在患者停止治疗后,仍在相当长一段时间内发挥作用,延迟了复发时间。

原始出处:
Peter J. Weiden, Edward Kim, Jason Bermak, et al. Does Half-Life Matter After Antipsychotic Discontinuation? A Relapse Comparison in Schizophrenia With 3 Different Formulations of Paliperidone. J Clin Psychiatry, Jun 2017;78(7):e813–e820

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    2017-10-28 yinhl1980
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    2017-10-26 doctorJiangchao

    谢谢分享.

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