Alzheimers Dementia:复旦华山医院:教育水平和居住环境,对认知影响颇大

2022-06-05 Freeman MedSci原创 发表于威斯康星

教育程度和居住环境对老年人认知能力下降的叠加效应。教育对于在弱势环境下保持认知健康尤为重要。

越来越多的证据表明,阿尔茨海默病(AD)和其他类型的痴呆症已成为全球健康的沉重负担和主要挑战。由于缺乏有效的晚年痴呆症的疾病修饰治疗,寻求潜在的可修改的风险因素是非常重要的。


图1: 论文封面图


教育的效果可能是由认知储备的改善和更有效地利用大脑网络或认知范式驱动的。以前的研究表明,邻里环境(NE)在多种健康结果中起着重要作用,特别是在晚年认知方面。这些现有的证据意味着,丰富的环境在认知刺激方面提供了一个优势,这与增加认知储备和减弱大脑病理的负担有关。

重要的是,教育与NE有复杂的相互作用。以前的研究中,通过比较两个相隔20年的社区队列的数据,复旦大学的崔梅等人,观察到痴呆症的患病率和发病率呈上升趋势,特别是在受教育年限≤6年的个体中。

然而,他们没有考虑到由于社会经济地位(SES)和社会及物质资源的改善,NE随时间变化的影响。

泰州影像研究(TIS)和上海老龄化研究(SAS)是在中国东南地区进行的两个独立的社区队列研究,其研究设计和程序相似,但研究地点分别在农村和城市地区。

因此,这两个队列研究提供了一个独特而有价值的来源,以研究教育程度对认知能力下降的影响在弱势人群(TIS)和先进的NEs(SAS)中是否有差异。

藉此,复旦大学的崔梅等人,利用泰州影像研究(TIS)和上海老龄化研究(SAS)的1286名参与者的数据,调查并比较了教育程度和认知能力下降之间的关系。

 

图2:论文结果图

他们发现:与低学历的参与者相比,在泰州影像研究中,高学历的参与者在全局认知(每年0.062分,P<0.001)、记忆(每年0.054分,P<0.05)和注意力(每年0.065分,P<0.01)方面表现出明显的缓慢下降。

而在上海老年研究中,高学历的人仅在注意力方面表现出缓慢的下降(每年0.028Z分,P<0.05)。

该研究的重要意义在于发现了: 教育程度和居住环境对老年人认知能力下降的叠加效应。教育对于在弱势环境下保持认知健康尤为重要。

原文出处:

Wang, Y., Jiang, Y., Wu, W., Xu, K., Zhao, Q., Tan, Z., Liang, X., Fan, M., Xiao, Z., Zheng, L., Ding, S., Dong, Q., Hong, Z., Jin, L., Chen, X., Ding, D., & Cui, M. (n.d.). _Education, neighborhood environment, and cognitive decline: Findings from two prospective cohort studies of older adults in China_.

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    2023-03-27 anminleiryan
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    2022-06-06 saikp

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