巧记胰岛素的名称和分类 !

2016-09-05 佚名 医学界内分泌频道

相信很多刚接触临床的医生都容易将胰岛素的名称以及用法弄混,今天就结合胰岛素的结构教大家怎么记忆胰岛素的用法。胰岛素分子晶体由6个胰岛素分子和2个Zn离子形成含锌胰岛素的六聚体。六聚体是胰岛素在B细胞中的储存形式,但是胰岛素是以单聚体的形式被吸收的,所以胰岛素要发挥作用必须六聚体经过解聚变成单聚体才能发挥其降糖作用,弄明白这些,就很容易理解不同时效胰岛素的作用了。(1)超短效胰岛素主要包括赖脯胰岛素

相信很多刚接触临床的医生都容易将胰岛素的名称以及用法弄混,今天就结合胰岛素的结构教大家怎么记忆胰岛素的用法。

胰岛素分子晶体由6个胰岛素分子和2个Zn离子形成含锌胰岛素的六聚体。六聚体是胰岛素在B细胞中的储存形式,但是胰岛素是以单聚体的形式被吸收的,所以胰岛素要发挥作用必须六聚体经过解聚变成单聚体才能发挥其降糖作用,弄明白这些,就很容易理解不同时效胰岛素的作用了。

(1)超短效胰岛素

主要包括赖脯胰岛素(商品名: 优泌乐)和门冬胰岛素(商品名: 诺和锐)。

其中赖脯胰岛素是由人胰岛素B28位脯氨酸由带负电荷的赖氨酸取代而形成;而门冬胰岛素是由人胰岛素B28位脯氨酸由天门冬氨酸代替而形成。

它们之所以能短时间内发挥降糖作用是因为结构的改变使得电荷排斥,从而阻碍了胰岛素单体间的自我聚合,在溶液中其主要以单体和双体的混合物形式存在,而单体是胰岛素作用的结构,所以作用时间就快了。

(2)短效胰岛素

又叫做普通胰岛素或中性胰岛素注射液(动物源胰岛素),重组人胰岛素注射液(甘舒霖R、诺和灵R、优泌林R),其中R就是regular的意思。

普通可溶性人胰岛素的基本结构为六聚体,皮下注射后解离成二聚体和单体后才能被吸收,由于注射后要缓慢的解离成二聚体和单体,延长了可溶性胰岛素皮下给药时的起效时间,所以,要在餐前30分钟注射。

以后看到胰岛素后面带“R”的标志记得要餐前30分钟注射哦~

(3)中效胰岛素(NPH)

主要包括低精蛋白锌胰岛素和胰岛素锌混悬液,市场上常用的有
低精蛋白重组人胰岛素注射液(甘舒霖N);
中性低精蛋白锌人胰岛素(诺和灵N);
精蛋白锌重组人胰岛素注射液(优泌林N)等。

中效胰岛素的结构是通过鱼精蛋白将几个六聚体聚集在一起,从而解聚为单体的时间需要得更长,因此能延长胰岛素的作用时间。

(4)长效胰岛素

主要包括甘精胰岛素( 商品名: 来得时)和地特胰岛素(商品名: 诺和平)。

其中甘精胰岛素是通过氨基酸的改变使胰岛素的等电点发生改变,从原来的5.14变为6.17,当它被注射至pH值为7.14的体液中便会发生沉淀,同时制剂中存在锌子, 能增加胰岛素六聚体的稳定性, 六聚体分解的时间延长, 造成吸收延迟而且延长, 释放缓慢平稳。

而地特胰岛素是通过氨基酸的改变,成为中性可溶性液体, 以六聚体形式存在, 皮下注射后其吸收扩散速度缓慢,在血浆中98%~99%与白蛋白结合,以极其缓慢的速度释放入血,半衰期显著延长,约为14小时,且血浆浓度平稳,峰谷曲线小。

(5)预混胰岛素

是指将短效胰岛素制剂和中效胰岛素制剂按不同比例进行混合,同时具有短效胰岛素和长效胰岛素的作用。

大家经常看到带数字的胰岛素就是预混胰岛素,其中的数字就是短效胰岛素所占的比例。如30R、50R等,其中的数字代表的就是短效或超短效胰岛素成分所占的比例。

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    2017-08-04 baoya
  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1749636, encodeId=417a1e49636e9, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=be7c8385345' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#胰岛#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=29, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=83853, encryptionId=be7c8385345, topicName=胰岛)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=a7a536274692, createdName=baoya, createdTime=Fri Aug 04 03:36:00 CST 2017, time=2017-08-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=128343, encodeId=ed1d1283437c, content=学习了。。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=57, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=ceb079804, createdName=lhl629, createdTime=Fri Sep 16 06:11:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-16, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=127384, encodeId=994a12e384ee, content=不错的学习地方充实知识, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=53, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160820/IMG57B7D87F2AA596063.jpg, createdBy=c3e01933512, createdName=1e0d5b16m97(暂无匿称), createdTime=Thu Sep 15 10:11:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=113332, encodeId=d9f21133326e, content=总结的不错,简单实用,长效胰岛素队伍里应该还有国产的重组甘精胰岛素,预混里还有25R的,要是能把不同胰岛素使用的胰岛素笔在一块介绍就更好了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=57, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160907/IMG57D00CF1965701770.jpg, createdBy=565c1948251, createdName=舒心和人, createdTime=Wed Sep 07 21:05:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-07, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=112347, encodeId=d45b11234e81, content=继续学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=56, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/jW482SpianMayicTRbRZ5RzfPkmqRTH5rHib5mcib8Wb3QdXjhfOK1UubQL2lictjJFdFJ6Lc3cnnCOSWqxXZ4Kk6y5GdzDoy764R/0, createdBy=156e1644785, createdName=doctorJiangchao, createdTime=Tue Sep 06 14:15:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=112348, encodeId=397011234881, content=继续关注, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/jW482SpianMayicTRbRZ5RzfPkmqRTH5rHib5mcib8Wb3QdXjhfOK1UubQL2lictjJFdFJ6Lc3cnnCOSWqxXZ4Kk6y5GdzDoy764R/0, createdBy=156e1644785, createdName=doctorJiangchao, createdTime=Tue Sep 06 14:15:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=111810, encodeId=e2f211181053, content=熟记胰岛素名称及用法, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=15, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160803/IMG57A185CE577478201.jpg, createdBy=bad41730551, createdName=小青虫, createdTime=Mon Sep 05 20:32:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=111556, encodeId=a8e511155653, content=很好,不错,以后会多学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=20, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/jW482SpianMayicTRbRZ5RzUn81b5CF5ibVPib8jWI92iciaxmqGHlwruOnK4SVZykd4iahqo1hicklIibyZoxm55X7EM8BW9eX1h1hQ2/0, createdBy=8aa81937526, createdName=李东泽, createdTime=Mon Sep 05 16:42:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-05, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-09-16 lhl629

    学习了。。

    0

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    2016-09-15 1e0d5b16m97(暂无匿称)

    不错的学习地方充实知识

    0

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    2016-09-07 舒心和人

    总结的不错,简单实用,长效胰岛素队伍里应该还有国产的重组甘精胰岛素,预混里还有25R的,要是能把不同胰岛素使用的胰岛素笔在一块介绍就更好了

    0

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    2016-09-06 doctorJiangchao

    继续学习

    0

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    2016-09-06 doctorJiangchao

    继续关注

    0

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    2016-09-05 小青虫

    熟记胰岛素名称及用法

    0

  8. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1749636, encodeId=417a1e49636e9, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=be7c8385345' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#胰岛#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=29, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=83853, encryptionId=be7c8385345, topicName=胰岛)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=a7a536274692, createdName=baoya, createdTime=Fri Aug 04 03:36:00 CST 2017, time=2017-08-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=128343, encodeId=ed1d1283437c, content=学习了。。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=57, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=ceb079804, createdName=lhl629, createdTime=Fri Sep 16 06:11:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-16, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=127384, encodeId=994a12e384ee, content=不错的学习地方充实知识, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=53, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160820/IMG57B7D87F2AA596063.jpg, createdBy=c3e01933512, createdName=1e0d5b16m97(暂无匿称), createdTime=Thu Sep 15 10:11:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=113332, encodeId=d9f21133326e, content=总结的不错,简单实用,长效胰岛素队伍里应该还有国产的重组甘精胰岛素,预混里还有25R的,要是能把不同胰岛素使用的胰岛素笔在一块介绍就更好了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=57, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160907/IMG57D00CF1965701770.jpg, createdBy=565c1948251, createdName=舒心和人, createdTime=Wed Sep 07 21:05:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-07, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=112347, encodeId=d45b11234e81, content=继续学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=56, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/jW482SpianMayicTRbRZ5RzfPkmqRTH5rHib5mcib8Wb3QdXjhfOK1UubQL2lictjJFdFJ6Lc3cnnCOSWqxXZ4Kk6y5GdzDoy764R/0, createdBy=156e1644785, createdName=doctorJiangchao, createdTime=Tue Sep 06 14:15:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=112348, encodeId=397011234881, content=继续关注, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/jW482SpianMayicTRbRZ5RzfPkmqRTH5rHib5mcib8Wb3QdXjhfOK1UubQL2lictjJFdFJ6Lc3cnnCOSWqxXZ4Kk6y5GdzDoy764R/0, createdBy=156e1644785, createdName=doctorJiangchao, createdTime=Tue Sep 06 14:15:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=111810, encodeId=e2f211181053, content=熟记胰岛素名称及用法, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=15, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160803/IMG57A185CE577478201.jpg, createdBy=bad41730551, createdName=小青虫, createdTime=Mon Sep 05 20:32:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=111556, encodeId=a8e511155653, content=很好,不错,以后会多学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=20, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/jW482SpianMayicTRbRZ5RzUn81b5CF5ibVPib8jWI92iciaxmqGHlwruOnK4SVZykd4iahqo1hicklIibyZoxm55X7EM8BW9eX1h1hQ2/0, createdBy=8aa81937526, createdName=李东泽, createdTime=Mon Sep 05 16:42:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-05, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-09-05 李东泽

    很好,不错,以后会多学习

    0

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