教你搞懂胰岛素的分类!

2016-08-06 佚名 糖医网

1,速效胰岛素和普通胰岛素相比,它更符合胰岛素的生理分泌模式,餐前注射吸收迅速,达峰时间短,能更有效地控制餐后血糖,适用于餐时胰岛素治疗,如门冬胰岛素。值得注意的是超短效胰岛素用药10min内必须进食碳水化合物,否则会发生低血糖。2,短效胰岛素短效胰岛素(普通胰岛素),皮下注射后透过毛细血管进入血液循环,发挥降糖作用。使糖尿病酮症酸中毒患者病情得到控制,通过降低血糖浓度达到纠正酸中毒的效果。控制肥

1,速效胰岛素



和普通胰岛素相比,它更符合胰岛素的生理分泌模式,餐前注射吸收迅速,达峰时间短,能更有效地控制餐后血糖,适用于餐时胰岛素治疗,如门冬胰岛素。值得注意的是超短效胰岛素用药10min内必须进食碳水化合物,否则会发生低血糖


2,短效胰岛素



短效胰岛素(普通胰岛素),皮下注射后透过毛细血管进入血液循环,发挥降糖作用。使糖尿病酮症酸中毒患者病情得到控制,通过降低血糖浓度达到纠正酸中毒的效果。控制肥胖、胰岛素抵抗、顽固的糖尿病患者使用普通胰岛素是安全、经济、有效的,如生物合成人胰岛素。


3,中效胰岛素



中效胰岛素适用于一般中轻度糖尿病的治疗,重度糖尿病需与正规胰岛素合用,作用出现快而维持时间长。给予中效胰岛素可有效控制血糖,2次/d,且血糖漂移幅度小,因此尤其适用于血糖波动大,不易控制的患者,如低精蛋白生物合成(重组)人胰岛素。


4,长效胰岛素




皮下注射后可24h保持相对恒定浓度,无明显峰值出现。一般在睡前或早餐前注射,起效时间为1.5h,作用可平稳保持24h左右, 更适合于基础胰岛素治疗,不易发生夜间低血糖,体重增加的不良反应亦较少。


5,预混胰岛素




将短效制剂和中效制剂(R和N)进行不同比例的混合,产生作用时间介于两者之间的预混胰岛素。制剂中的短效成分起效迅速,可以较好地控制餐后血糖,中效成分缓慢持续释放,主要起替代基础胰岛素分泌作用。预混胰岛素不但安全有效,而且减少了注射次数,提高了患者的依从性,如门冬胰岛素30。


参考文献:

1.http://mp.weixin.qq.com/s__biz=MjM5NTAzMDI3Mg==&mid=403400357&idx=1&sn=cb45d602100ec381c5d0ff93a9961699&scene=23&srcid=0414KwGVFXF8KmrCxnZLPJZx#rd;
2.  计成,葛卫红.药学与临床研究.2015,23(4):427-433;
3.  黄木森,李军.中国医学创新.2012,9(13):158-160;
4.  张庆兰.临床合理用药.2013,6(6):148-150;

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  1. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=131722, encodeId=acda131e22e0, content=文章很好,非常有益, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=51, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/jW482SpianMayicTRbRZ5RzdAIB7UwTkHt6fQkBP8ictliaXtc5gCUmYdAW1sAETC2nhO3q6YjRHkUibyOCtP8ibmXNObTyd63A076/0, createdBy=d4111948983, createdName=1e10c84am36(暂无匿称), createdTime=Tue Sep 20 22:22:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=124066, encodeId=128912406610, content=简洁明了,很实用,感谢分享, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=1, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160907/IMG57D00CF1965701770.jpg, createdBy=565c1948251, createdName=舒心和人, createdTime=Mon Sep 12 22:31:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1749625, encodeId=eaea1e49625e9, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=be7c8385345' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#胰岛#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=24, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=83853, encryptionId=be7c8385345, topicName=胰岛)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=a7a536274692, createdName=baoya, createdTime=Sun Dec 11 22:11:00 CST 2016, time=2016-12-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=97898, encodeId=61279e89844, content=要是附上常用品牌胰岛素的用法就好了!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=61, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/DYAIOgq83er7gGJY7ibia1wDTTwTL7vXbqvekMBTHAsd3KZ7btXM9tnHuicI2LdxJtIiccXeDCiaTvzkwMuribZ9oHVA/0, createdBy=c7b81713099, createdName=木水晶, createdTime=Fri Aug 12 19:47:00 CST 2016, time=2016-08-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=97897, encodeId=f3ed9e89797, content=这个很棒!值得收藏!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=63, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/DYAIOgq83er7gGJY7ibia1wDTTwTL7vXbqvekMBTHAsd3KZ7btXM9tnHuicI2LdxJtIiccXeDCiaTvzkwMuribZ9oHVA/0, createdBy=c7b81713099, createdName=木水晶, createdTime=Fri Aug 12 19:46:00 CST 2016, time=2016-08-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=97031, encodeId=3eda9e031d3, content=一直不知道怎么用胰岛素,学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=58, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://q.qlogo.cn/qqapp/1103841572/3BBE63B49C94E2B67F74D33D0ED8017F/100, createdBy=6a611733947, createdName=QQ41dd2a65, createdTime=Tue Aug 09 16:55:00 CST 2016, time=2016-08-09, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-09-20 1e10c84am36(暂无匿称)

    文章很好,非常有益

    0

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    2016-09-12 舒心和人

    简洁明了,很实用,感谢分享

    0

  3. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=131722, encodeId=acda131e22e0, content=文章很好,非常有益, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=51, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/jW482SpianMayicTRbRZ5RzdAIB7UwTkHt6fQkBP8ictliaXtc5gCUmYdAW1sAETC2nhO3q6YjRHkUibyOCtP8ibmXNObTyd63A076/0, createdBy=d4111948983, createdName=1e10c84am36(暂无匿称), createdTime=Tue Sep 20 22:22:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=124066, encodeId=128912406610, content=简洁明了,很实用,感谢分享, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=1, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160907/IMG57D00CF1965701770.jpg, createdBy=565c1948251, createdName=舒心和人, createdTime=Mon Sep 12 22:31:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1749625, encodeId=eaea1e49625e9, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=be7c8385345' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#胰岛#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=24, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=83853, encryptionId=be7c8385345, topicName=胰岛)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=a7a536274692, createdName=baoya, createdTime=Sun Dec 11 22:11:00 CST 2016, time=2016-12-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=97898, encodeId=61279e89844, content=要是附上常用品牌胰岛素的用法就好了!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=61, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/DYAIOgq83er7gGJY7ibia1wDTTwTL7vXbqvekMBTHAsd3KZ7btXM9tnHuicI2LdxJtIiccXeDCiaTvzkwMuribZ9oHVA/0, createdBy=c7b81713099, createdName=木水晶, createdTime=Fri Aug 12 19:47:00 CST 2016, time=2016-08-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=97897, encodeId=f3ed9e89797, content=这个很棒!值得收藏!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=63, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/DYAIOgq83er7gGJY7ibia1wDTTwTL7vXbqvekMBTHAsd3KZ7btXM9tnHuicI2LdxJtIiccXeDCiaTvzkwMuribZ9oHVA/0, createdBy=c7b81713099, createdName=木水晶, createdTime=Fri Aug 12 19:46:00 CST 2016, time=2016-08-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=97031, encodeId=3eda9e031d3, content=一直不知道怎么用胰岛素,学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=58, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://q.qlogo.cn/qqapp/1103841572/3BBE63B49C94E2B67F74D33D0ED8017F/100, createdBy=6a611733947, createdName=QQ41dd2a65, createdTime=Tue Aug 09 16:55:00 CST 2016, time=2016-08-09, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-12-11 baoya
  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=131722, encodeId=acda131e22e0, content=文章很好,非常有益, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=51, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/jW482SpianMayicTRbRZ5RzdAIB7UwTkHt6fQkBP8ictliaXtc5gCUmYdAW1sAETC2nhO3q6YjRHkUibyOCtP8ibmXNObTyd63A076/0, createdBy=d4111948983, createdName=1e10c84am36(暂无匿称), createdTime=Tue Sep 20 22:22:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=124066, encodeId=128912406610, content=简洁明了,很实用,感谢分享, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=1, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160907/IMG57D00CF1965701770.jpg, createdBy=565c1948251, createdName=舒心和人, createdTime=Mon Sep 12 22:31:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1749625, encodeId=eaea1e49625e9, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=be7c8385345' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#胰岛#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=24, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=83853, encryptionId=be7c8385345, topicName=胰岛)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=a7a536274692, createdName=baoya, createdTime=Sun Dec 11 22:11:00 CST 2016, time=2016-12-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=97898, encodeId=61279e89844, content=要是附上常用品牌胰岛素的用法就好了!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=61, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/DYAIOgq83er7gGJY7ibia1wDTTwTL7vXbqvekMBTHAsd3KZ7btXM9tnHuicI2LdxJtIiccXeDCiaTvzkwMuribZ9oHVA/0, createdBy=c7b81713099, createdName=木水晶, createdTime=Fri Aug 12 19:47:00 CST 2016, time=2016-08-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=97897, encodeId=f3ed9e89797, content=这个很棒!值得收藏!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=63, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/DYAIOgq83er7gGJY7ibia1wDTTwTL7vXbqvekMBTHAsd3KZ7btXM9tnHuicI2LdxJtIiccXeDCiaTvzkwMuribZ9oHVA/0, createdBy=c7b81713099, createdName=木水晶, createdTime=Fri Aug 12 19:46:00 CST 2016, time=2016-08-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=97031, encodeId=3eda9e031d3, content=一直不知道怎么用胰岛素,学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=58, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://q.qlogo.cn/qqapp/1103841572/3BBE63B49C94E2B67F74D33D0ED8017F/100, createdBy=6a611733947, createdName=QQ41dd2a65, createdTime=Tue Aug 09 16:55:00 CST 2016, time=2016-08-09, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-08-12 木水晶

    要是附上常用品牌胰岛素的用法就好了!

    0

  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=131722, encodeId=acda131e22e0, content=文章很好,非常有益, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=51, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/jW482SpianMayicTRbRZ5RzdAIB7UwTkHt6fQkBP8ictliaXtc5gCUmYdAW1sAETC2nhO3q6YjRHkUibyOCtP8ibmXNObTyd63A076/0, createdBy=d4111948983, createdName=1e10c84am36(暂无匿称), createdTime=Tue Sep 20 22:22:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=124066, encodeId=128912406610, content=简洁明了,很实用,感谢分享, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=1, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160907/IMG57D00CF1965701770.jpg, createdBy=565c1948251, createdName=舒心和人, createdTime=Mon Sep 12 22:31:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1749625, encodeId=eaea1e49625e9, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=be7c8385345' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#胰岛#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=24, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=83853, encryptionId=be7c8385345, topicName=胰岛)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=a7a536274692, createdName=baoya, createdTime=Sun Dec 11 22:11:00 CST 2016, time=2016-12-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=97898, encodeId=61279e89844, content=要是附上常用品牌胰岛素的用法就好了!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=61, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/DYAIOgq83er7gGJY7ibia1wDTTwTL7vXbqvekMBTHAsd3KZ7btXM9tnHuicI2LdxJtIiccXeDCiaTvzkwMuribZ9oHVA/0, createdBy=c7b81713099, createdName=木水晶, createdTime=Fri Aug 12 19:47:00 CST 2016, time=2016-08-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=97897, encodeId=f3ed9e89797, content=这个很棒!值得收藏!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=63, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/DYAIOgq83er7gGJY7ibia1wDTTwTL7vXbqvekMBTHAsd3KZ7btXM9tnHuicI2LdxJtIiccXeDCiaTvzkwMuribZ9oHVA/0, createdBy=c7b81713099, createdName=木水晶, createdTime=Fri Aug 12 19:46:00 CST 2016, time=2016-08-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=97031, encodeId=3eda9e031d3, content=一直不知道怎么用胰岛素,学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=58, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://q.qlogo.cn/qqapp/1103841572/3BBE63B49C94E2B67F74D33D0ED8017F/100, createdBy=6a611733947, createdName=QQ41dd2a65, createdTime=Tue Aug 09 16:55:00 CST 2016, time=2016-08-09, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-08-12 木水晶

    这个很棒!值得收藏!

    0

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    2016-08-09 QQ41dd2a65

    一直不知道怎么用胰岛素,学习了

    0

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