ACC 2014:CHOICE,泼向CoreValve瓣膜的冷水?

2014-04-04 王娣 中国医学论坛报

2014年美国心脏病学会年会(ACC2014)开幕式后公布的研究结果铺平Corevalve进军美国之路,此后,当地时间3月30日揭晓的CHOICE研究却泼来冷水。记者现场对COREVALVE HIGH RISK试验指导委员会主席、美国休斯敦Methodist医院Reardon教授的采访将带您走进经导管主动脉瓣置换(TAVR)的世界看个究竟。 CHOICE是第一项随机设计、头对头比较E

2014年美国心脏病学会年会(ACC2014)开幕式后公布的研究结果铺平Corevalve进军美国之路,此后,当地时间3月30日揭晓的CHOICE研究却泼来冷水。记者现场对COREVALVE HIGH RISK试验指导委员会主席、美国休斯敦Methodist医院Reardon教授的采访将带您走进经导管主动脉瓣置换(TAVR)的世界看个究竟。

CHOICE是第一项随机设计、头对头比较EdwardsSapienXT和CoreValve瓣膜的试验,纳入德国5个中心241例手术高危患者。结果表明,球囊扩张瓣膜TAVR的“器械成功”率[研究主要终点,依照瓣膜学术研究联盟(VARC)最新定义即成功进入血管并输送和释放瓣膜、成功回收输送系统、瓣膜位置准确、瓣膜有预期功能(主动脉瓣面积>1.2cm2,平均主动脉瓣压差<20mmHg或峰流速<3m/s,无中重度瓣膜反流)、只置入1个瓣膜]更高(95.9%对77.5%,RR=1.24,95%可信区间1.12~1.37,P<0.001),但两组患者30天转归(全因或心血管死亡率、卒中、出血和血管并发症等)均无显著差异。研究者称将继续随访患者的5年转归。

记者现场采访了COREVALVEHIGHRISK试验指导委员会主席、美国休斯敦Methodist医院里尔登(Reardon)教授。

这是第一项在特定高危人群中显示出TAVR优于外科手术、且并未增加卒中风险的随机对照试验。――Reardon教授

记者:您希望参会者对COREVALVEHIGHRISK试验、特别是放在与PARTNERA试验相对照的背景下,得到哪些“带回家信息(take-homemessage)”?

Reardon教授:这是第一项在高危人群中显示出TAVR优于外科手术、且未增加卒中风险的随机对照试验(PARTNERA证实在研究人群中Sapien瓣膜TAVR与SAVR疗效相当,但卒中风险升高一倍)。另一个有趣的发现是,与PARTNERA中两组患者死亡率曲线早期分离、后期趋向融合不同,COREVALVE试验中TAVR组患者死亡率优势截至目前随访2年仍保持,即避免了死亡率的“晚期追赶”。

我个人认为这可能与该瓣膜中重度瓣周漏较少有关。欧洲的一些登记研究显示CoreValve瓣周漏发生率略高于Sapien,但仅有的数项前瞻性、经核心实验室对瓣周漏审慎判定(而非研究者报告)的研究(PARTNERⅠA、PARTNERⅠB、PARTNERⅡB、COREVALVEEXTREME和COREVALVEHIGHRISK)均显示CoreValve瓣周漏较Sapien更少。二者的区别是Sapien的瓣周漏程度并不随时间推移而缓解,而CoreValve的瓣周漏则有逐渐缓解的趋势,因而并未显著影响患者预后。CoreValve众所周知的问题是起搏器置入率较高,但这并未导致死亡率升高。

<我们借鉴PARTNERA改善了试验设计,例如PARTNER用二维超声心动图指导瓣膜尺寸选择,而我们用已成为当下标准的三维CT血管造影(CTA)优化瓣膜选择;再如PARTNER并未前瞻性地收集卒中相关信息,但FDA对此格外关注,因此我们对所有患者在基线和术后均用美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(NIHSS)作评分,如术后分值下降,则立刻启动神经专科评估,从而最大限度地避免遗漏病例。在检出更严格的前提下,我们却得到更好的结果。

Reardon教授:CHOICE是一项设计和实施非常糟糕的试验。

记者:您如何评价CHOICE试验结果?它将“器械成功”而非更具临床意义的“患者转归”作为主要终点的设计是否合理?

Reardon教授:CHOICE将“器械成功”作为主要终点,只因为其更易观察,将患者临床转归作为观察指标当然更有意义,但两组很难出现差异。个人认为,CHOICE是故意作此设计来让Sapien瓣膜胜出。

CHOICE的设计和实施非常糟糕,首先,研究者没有对每名患者均使用三维造影选择瓣膜尺寸,这是不符合TAVR当下操作标准的,二维超声无法实现精准测量;第二,研究者基于术后即刻血管造影、而不是超声测量的瓣周漏数据来作主要终点分析,这同样不符合当下标准,并且他们报告的Sapien瓣膜中重度瓣周漏发生率远低于任何一项有核心实验室严格判定的PARTNER试验;第三,他们的结果如此之差(例如CoreValve瓣膜组新置入起搏器比例高达37.6%),令人不得不怀疑其操作和试验实施的质量。

记者:新瓣膜研发领域非常活跃,您认为现有研究为新瓣膜工艺改进提供了哪些启示?

Reardon教授:新瓣膜的工艺改进是为了克服旧瓣膜暴露的某些问题。在治疗主动脉狭窄方面CoreValve和Sapien都已表现得非常出色,目前的问题包括出血(但并不高于外科手术)、卒中(COREVALVE试验亦证实不高于外科手术)、起搏器置入(CoreValve比较突出、但不影响死亡率)和瓣周漏,瓣膜尺寸选择失误、释放位置偏差或血管解剖因素(如钙化)是引起瓣周漏的3个主要原因,这是新一代瓣膜需要解决的重要课题。

作为本届年会“TAVR连续剧”的结束篇,在3月31日最新临床试验(LBCT)专场上,曾任ACC主席的霍姆斯(Holmes)教授公布了美国胸外科医师学会/美国心脏病学会经导管瓣膜治疗登记研究(STS/ACCTVTregistry)中5980例患者的1年随访结果。EdwardsSapien瓣膜TAVR在真实世界更广泛患者群中,得到了与随机对照PARTNER试验相当或略优的结果:院内死亡率及围术期卒中发生率分别为5.3%和1.7%,术后1年患者死亡率和卒中发生率分别为26.2%和3.6%。

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    2014-07-15 licz0423
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    2014-04-06 docwu2019
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