重复:Lancet Diabetes Endo:每月高剂量维生素D补充能否预防跌倒和非椎体骨折?

2017-07-19 选题审校:闫盈盈 编辑:吴刚 环球医学

血中25-羟维生素D水平较低与跌倒和骨折风险增加相关。但是,在一般人群中,补充大剂量维生素D能否降低跌倒和骨折的风险?2017年6月,发表在《Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol》的一项由英国、新西兰和美国科学家进行的随机、双盲、安慰剂对照的ViDA研究,其次要结局考察了每月高剂量维生素D补充对跌倒和非椎体骨折的影响。

血中25-羟维生素D水平较低与跌倒和骨折风险增加相关。但是,在一般人群中,补充大剂量维生素D能否降低跌倒和骨折的风险?2017年6月,发表在《Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol》的一项由英国、新西兰和美国科学家进行的随机、双盲、安慰剂对照的ViDA研究,其次要结局考察了每月高剂量维生素D补充对跌倒和非椎体骨折的影响。请看本期多学科讨论组临床药师各抒己见为您梳理本文看点——

背景:25-羟维生素D(25(OH)D)浓度较低的成人,跌倒和骨折风险增加,但是补充维生素D的随机试验却具有不一致的结果。研究者旨在评估高剂量维生素D补充对骨折和跌倒的影响。

方法:维生素D评估(ViDA)研究是一项随机、双盲、安慰剂对照试验,试验对象为来自于新西兰奥克兰一家医疗中心的50~84岁的健康志愿者。参与者随机分配到初始口服剂量为200000IU(5.0mg)的维生素D3+其后每月剂量为100000IU(2.5mg)或等量安慰剂的组中。预先定义的首要结局为心血管疾病,次要结局为呼吸系统疾病和骨折。本文中,研究者报告了骨折的结局数据和跌倒的事后结局数据。用Cox成比例风险模型评估,与安慰剂组相比,维生素D组中首次骨折时间或首次跌倒时间的风险比(HR)。骨折分析纳入了所有知情同意的参与者,并按照意愿治疗进行分析;跌倒分析纳入了所有返回一份或多份调查问卷的参与者。

结果:2011年8月5日~2012年11月6日,招募到5110名参与者,并随机分组(维生素D3组2258人;安慰剂组2552人)。随机分组后,安慰剂组的2名参与者撤回知情同意,因此,总共5108名参与者纳入到骨折分析中。参与者的平均年龄为65.9岁(SD,8.3),2971人(58%)为男性。血中,基线25(OH)D平均浓度为63nmol/L(SD,24),1534人(30%)的25(OH)D浓度低于50nmol/L。随访进行到2015年7月31日,平均治疗时间为3.4年(SD,0.4;范围:2.5~4.2)。随访期间,2638人跌倒,1312/2539人(52%)在维生素D组,1326/2517人(53%)在安慰剂组。调整了年龄、性别、种族、近期跌倒史、体力活动、基线25(OH)D后,维生素D组vs安慰剂组的跌倒HR为0.99(95% CI,0.92~1.07;P=0.82)。292人具有非椎体骨折,维生素D组156/2558人(6%),安慰剂组136/2550人(5%)。维生素D vs安慰剂的骨折调整HR为1.19(95% CI,0.94~1.50;P=0.15)。试验期间,123人(2%)死亡,维生素D组65人,安慰剂组58人,组间差异不显着。

结论:每月100000IU的高剂量维生素D补充2.5~4.2年不能预防健康流动的成年人群的跌倒或骨折。需要进一步的研究来确证每天维生素D给药联合或不联合钙的有效性。

多学科讨论记实:

在以社区为基础的无已知骨质疏松个体的的随机对照试验中,与安慰剂相比,每月补充胆骨化醇100000 IU(维生素D3),服用2.5~4.2年(平均3.4年),与跌倒或骨折风险无显着相关性。虽然研究检测到的骨折风险差异的统计效能较低,但是,无证据表明补充维生素D的参与者骨折风险有任何降低。

维生素D缺乏与佝偻病和软骨病之间的相关性已被很好确立,普遍共识是浓度<25 nmol/L与这些疾病风险大幅增加相关。但是,在血中25(OH)D水平正常时,其他健康结局的最佳维生素D水平仍处于广泛讨论中。而当日照不足时,仍需口服维生素D来维持血中25(OH)D浓度。

补充维生素D来预防跌倒或骨折的大多数试验都关注的是骨折高风险组,例如,女性、老年人和居住在某些机构的个体(例如,居住在养老院或长期护理中心的人)。此外,试验主要在白人群体中进行。本研究为基于社区的研究,纳入了男性,参与者年龄范围广(50~84岁),并纳入了维生素D缺乏发病率较高的不同人种。

本研究有一些局限性。首先,随机分配的参与者比例较低,限制了外部有效性。第二,研究开始后,每4个月给参与者寄胶囊,而不是以每月一次的频率寄。第三,参与者通过自我报告的形式确定跌倒的结局,可能导致这一结局的随机测量误差,减弱维生素D的任何影响。第四,本研究骨折结局的统计效能较低,尤其在维生素D缺乏的参与者、年龄和性别亚组中。最后,未在基线测量饮食维生素D或钙摄入。

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    2017-10-05 amy0550
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    2017-07-21 dingxiaobo

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