微生物-话题@MedSci

#微生物#

880篇内容 | 8052人围观

关注话题

话题活跃用户

#插入话题

插入图片

最新最热

[GetTopicListResponse(id=1825396, encodeId=a2b8182539679, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=702a5065860' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#微生物#</a>, objectTitle=ASCO 2022 | 结直肠癌发病年轻化，可能与肠道微生物有关！, objectType=article, longId=728354, objectId=db66e28354a2, topicUrl=null, isHasObj=0, objectCover=null, objectUrl=/article/show_article.do?id=db66e28354a2, replyNumber=0, likeNumber=73, createdTime=2023-03-06, rootId=0, userName=智者为医08, userId=4dfa37, projectId=1, avatar=, status=1, hasArticle=1, attachment=null, ipAttribution=, moduleDTOList=[ModuleDTO(moduleId=db66e28354a2, moduleTitle=ASCO 2022 | 结直肠癌发病年轻化，可能与肠道微生物有关！, moduleType=article, hrefUrl=https://www.medsci.cn/article/show_article.do?id=db66e28354a2)], followStatus=false, userIsMember=false, type=1, lengthMark=0), GetTopicListResponse(id=1825320, encodeId=3714182532055, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=702a5065860' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#微生物#</a>, objectTitle=Cell Host & Microbe：脑损伤的早产新生儿的肠道-微生物-免疫-脑轴发育异常 , objectType=article, longId=216708, objectId=fe6c216e084f, topicUrl=null, isHasObj=0, objectCover=null, objectUrl=/article/show_article.do?id=fe6c216e084f, replyNumber=0, likeNumber=0, createdTime=2021-10-04, rootId=0, userName=wjcjjian, userId=0b7c20, projectId=1, avatar=, status=1, hasArticle=1, attachment=null, ipAttribution=, moduleDTOList=[ModuleDTO(moduleId=fe6c216e084f, moduleTitle=Cell Host & Microbe：脑损伤的早产新生儿的肠道-微生物-免疫-脑轴发育异常 , moduleType=article, hrefUrl=https://www.medsci.cn/article/show_article.do?id=fe6c216e084f)], followStatus=false, userIsMember=false, type=1, lengthMark=0), GetTopicListResponse(id=1825400, encodeId=7c9118254002e, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=702a5065860' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#微生物#</a>, objectTitle=Cell子刊：告别肥胖，让你的小肠微生物规律起来！, objectType=article, longId=731562, objectId=0bebe31562f2, topicUrl=null, isHasObj=0, objectCover=null, objectUrl=/article/show_article.do?id=0bebe31562f2, replyNumber=0, likeNumber=64, createdTime=2023-01-12, rootId=0, userName=wjcjjian, userId=0b7c20, projectId=1, avatar=, status=1, hasArticle=1, attachment=null, ipAttribution=, moduleDTOList=[ModuleDTO(moduleId=0bebe31562f2, moduleTitle=Cell子刊：告别肥胖，让你的小肠微生物规律起来！, moduleType=article, hrefUrl=https://www.medsci.cn/article/show_article.do?id=0bebe31562f2)], followStatus=false, userIsMember=false, type=1, lengthMark=0), GetTopicListResponse(id=1825375, encodeId=485b18253e5af, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=702a5065860' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#微生物#</a>, objectTitle=Nichi GLOW：来自日本的β-葡聚糖在自闭症谱系障碍儿童的临床研究中改善了行为、睡眠和肠道微生物群, objectType=article, longId=300871, objectId=50703008e1f6, topicUrl=null, isHasObj=0, objectCover=null, objectUrl=/article/show_article.do?id=50703008e1f6, replyNumber=0, likeNumber=91, createdTime=2022-11-20, rootId=0, userName=wjcjjian, userId=0b7c20, projectId=1, avatar=, status=1, hasArticle=1, attachment=null, ipAttribution=, moduleDTOList=[ModuleDTO(moduleId=50703008e1f6, moduleTitle=Nichi GLOW：来自日本的β-葡聚糖在自闭症谱系障碍儿童的临床研究中改善了行为、睡眠和肠道微生物群, moduleType=article, hrefUrl=https://www.medsci.cn/article/show_article.do?id=50703008e1f6)], followStatus=false, userIsMember=false, type=1, lengthMark=0), GetTopicListResponse(id=1825378, encodeId=d5a918253e80b, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=702a5065860' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#微生物#</a>, objectTitle=Front Pharmacol：抗中性粒细胞胞浆抗体相关性血管炎的肠-肾轴：肠道微生物区系组成分析, objectType=article, longId=301327, objectId=af6b30132ef6, topicUrl=null, isHasObj=0, objectCover=null, objectUrl=/article/show_article.do?id=af6b30132ef6, replyNumber=0, likeNumber=79, createdTime=2022-08-17, rootId=0, userName=wjcjjian, userId=0b7c20, projectId=1, avatar=, status=1, hasArticle=1, attachment=null, ipAttribution=, moduleDTOList=[ModuleDTO(moduleId=af6b30132ef6, moduleTitle=Front Pharmacol：抗中性粒细胞胞浆抗体相关性血管炎的肠-肾轴：肠道微生物区系组成分析, moduleType=article, hrefUrl=https://www.medsci.cn/article/show_article.do?id=af6b30132ef6)], followStatus=false, userIsMember=false, type=1, lengthMark=0), GetTopicListResponse(id=1825348, encodeId=4973182534845, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=702a5065860' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#微生物#</a>, objectTitle=Clin Microbiol Infect：COVID-19患者呼吸和血流细菌感染的预测因子和微生物学, objectType=article, longId=221626, objectId=7ede22162655, topicUrl=null, isHasObj=0, objectCover=null, objectUrl=/article/show_article.do?id=7ede22162655, replyNumber=0, likeNumber=0, createdTime=2022-02-20, rootId=0, userName=wjcjjian, userId=0b7c20, projectId=1, avatar=, status=1, hasArticle=1, attachment=null, ipAttribution=, moduleDTOList=[ModuleDTO(moduleId=7ede22162655, moduleTitle=Clin Microbiol Infect：COVID-19患者呼吸和血流细菌感染的预测因子和微生物学, moduleType=article, hrefUrl=https://www.medsci.cn/article/show_article.do?id=7ede22162655)], followStatus=false, userIsMember=false, type=1, lengthMark=0), GetTopicListResponse(id=1825377, encodeId=919018253e776, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=702a5065860' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#微生物#</a>, objectTitle=Br J Dermatol：肠道微生物区系竟可以影响银屑病？, objectType=article, longId=301238, objectId=47d030123898, topicUrl=null, isHasObj=0, objectCover=null, objectUrl=/article/show_article.do?id=47d030123898, replyNumber=0, likeNumber=108, createdTime=2023-02-28, rootId=0, userName=wjcjjian, userId=0b7c20, projectId=1, avatar=, status=1, hasArticle=1, attachment=null, ipAttribution=, moduleDTOList=[ModuleDTO(moduleId=47d030123898, moduleTitle=Br J Dermatol：肠道微生物区系竟可以影响银屑病？, moduleType=article, hrefUrl=https://www.medsci.cn/article/show_article.do?id=47d030123898)], followStatus=false, userIsMember=false, type=1, lengthMark=0), GetTopicListResponse(id=1825353, encodeId=c0ae1825353e5, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=702a5065860' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#微生物#</a>, objectTitle=ARD：宏基因组关联研究揭示了日本系统性红斑狼疮患者肠道微生物群的疾病特异性景观, objectType=article, longId=292935, objectId=0f66292935a5, topicUrl=null, isHasObj=0, objectCover=null, objectUrl=/article/show_article.do?id=0f66292935a5, replyNumber=0, likeNumber=86, createdTime=2022-02-07, rootId=0, userName=wjcjjian, userId=0b7c20, projectId=1, avatar=, status=1, hasArticle=1, attachment=null, ipAttribution=, moduleDTOList=[ModuleDTO(moduleId=0f66292935a5, moduleTitle=ARD：宏基因组关联研究揭示了日本系统性红斑狼疮患者肠道微生物群的疾病特异性景观, moduleType=article, hrefUrl=https://www.medsci.cn/article/show_article.do?id=0f66292935a5)], followStatus=false, userIsMember=false, type=1, lengthMark=0), GetTopicListResponse(id=1825385, encodeId=9685182538594, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=702a5065860' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#微生物#</a>, objectTitle=A&R：两个独立队列中肠道微生物群与血清尿酸升高之间的关联, objectType=article, longId=724707, objectId=2b9ae2470760, topicUrl=null, isHasObj=0, objectCover=null, objectUrl=/article/show_article.do?id=2b9ae2470760, replyNumber=0, likeNumber=0, createdTime=2022-08-05, rootId=0, userName=wjcjjian, userId=0b7c20, projectId=1, avatar=, status=1, hasArticle=1, attachment=null, ipAttribution=, moduleDTOList=[ModuleDTO(moduleId=2b9ae2470760, moduleTitle=A&R：两个独立队列中肠道微生物群与血清尿酸升高之间的关联, moduleType=article, hrefUrl=https://www.medsci.cn/article/show_article.do?id=2b9ae2470760)], followStatus=false, userIsMember=false, type=1, lengthMark=0), GetTopicListResponse(id=1825319, encodeId=960718253199d, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=702a5065860' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#微生物#</a>, objectTitle=一文了解微生物群在酒渣鼻中的作用, objectType=article, longId=216500, objectId=7ef6216500a1, topicUrl=null, isHasObj=0, objectCover=null, objectUrl=/article/show_article.do?id=7ef6216500a1, replyNumber=0, likeNumber=68, createdTime=2022-04-29, rootId=0, userName=wjcjjian, userId=0b7c20, projectId=1, avatar=, status=1, hasArticle=1, attachment=null, ipAttribution=, moduleDTOList=[ModuleDTO(moduleId=7ef6216500a1, moduleTitle=一文了解微生物群在酒渣鼻中的作用, moduleType=article, hrefUrl=https://www.medsci.cn/article/show_article.do?id=7ef6216500a1)], followStatus=false, userIsMember=false, type=1, lengthMark=0), GetTopicListResponse(id=1825311, encodeId=dc2d1825311a8, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=702a5065860' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#微生物#</a>, objectTitle=Nat Commun：小檗碱和益生菌对2型糖尿病肠道微生物的影响——PREMOTE研究, objectType=article, longId=215114, objectId=f26321511411, topicUrl=null, isHasObj=0, objectCover=null, objectUrl=/article/show_article.do?id=f26321511411, replyNumber=0, likeNumber=89, createdTime=2021-11-30, rootId=0, userName=wjcjjian, userId=0b7c20, projectId=1, avatar=, status=1, hasArticle=1, attachment=null, ipAttribution=, moduleDTOList=[ModuleDTO(moduleId=f26321511411, moduleTitle=Nat Commun：小檗碱和益生菌对2型糖尿病肠道微生物的影响——PREMOTE研究, moduleType=article, hrefUrl=https://www.medsci.cn/article/show_article.do?id=f26321511411)], followStatus=false, userIsMember=false, type=1, lengthMark=0), GetTopicListResponse(id=1825354, encodeId=cc2a182535437, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=702a5065860' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#微生物#</a>, objectTitle=Neurology：肠道微生物组宏基因组学分析提示，多发性硬化患者可能存在肠道微生物紊乱！, objectType=article, longId=294015, objectId=3ccf29401546, topicUrl=null, isHasObj=0, objectCover=null, objectUrl=/article/show_article.do?id=3ccf29401546, replyNumber=0, likeNumber=84, createdTime=2022-03-23, rootId=0, userName=wjcjjian, userId=0b7c20, projectId=1, avatar=, status=1, hasArticle=1, attachment=null, ipAttribution=, moduleDTOList=[ModuleDTO(moduleId=3ccf29401546, moduleTitle=Neurology：肠道微生物组宏基因组学分析提示，多发性硬化患者可能存在肠道微生物紊乱！, moduleType=article, hrefUrl=https://www.medsci.cn/article/show_article.do?id=3ccf29401546)], followStatus=false, userIsMember=false, type=1, lengthMark=0), GetTopicListResponse(id=1825373, encodeId=6d6e18253e36d, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=702a5065860' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#微生物#</a>, objectTitle=J RENAL NUTR：菊粉补充对血液透析患者肠道菌群组成和微生物代谢产物的影响, objectType=article, longId=300391, objectId=32f630039161, topicUrl=null, isHasObj=0, objectCover=null, objectUrl=/article/show_article.do?id=32f630039161, replyNumber=0, likeNumber=103, createdTime=2023-02-23, rootId=0, userName=wjcjjian, userId=0b7c20, projectId=1, avatar=, status=1, hasArticle=1, attachment=null, ipAttribution=, moduleDTOList=[ModuleDTO(moduleId=32f630039161, moduleTitle=J RENAL NUTR：菊粉补充对血液透析患者肠道菌群组成和微生物代谢产物的影响, moduleType=article, hrefUrl=https://www.medsci.cn/article/show_article.do?id=32f630039161)], followStatus=false, userIsMember=false, type=1, lengthMark=0), GetTopicListResponse(id=1825337, encodeId=1f00182533ed1, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=702a5065860' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#微生物#</a>, objectTitle=辉凌在ACG 2021上呈报基于微生物群的在研活体生物治疗药物RBX2660获奖的真实世界转归分析, objectType=article, longId=219338, objectId=3964219338c1, topicUrl=null, isHasObj=0, objectCover=null, objectUrl=/article/show_article.do?id=3964219338c1, replyNumber=0, likeNumber=80, createdTime=2022-04-02, rootId=0, userName=wjcjjian, userId=0b7c20, projectId=1, avatar=, status=1, hasArticle=1, attachment=null, ipAttribution=, moduleDTOList=[ModuleDTO(moduleId=3964219338c1, moduleTitle=辉凌在ACG 2021上呈报基于微生物群的在研活体生物治疗药物RBX2660获奖的真实世界转归分析, moduleType=article, hrefUrl=https://www.medsci.cn/article/show_article.do?id=3964219338c1)], followStatus=false, userIsMember=false, type=1, lengthMark=0), GetTopicListResponse(id=1825339, encodeId=2fb018253397b, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=702a5065860' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#微生物#</a>, objectTitle=J Renal Nutr：低磷饮食可改善肠道微生物菌群，慢性肾病患者或可参考！, objectType=article, longId=219685, objectId=9b7521968560, topicUrl=null, isHasObj=0, objectCover=null, objectUrl=/article/show_article.do?id=9b7521968560, replyNumber=0, likeNumber=62, createdTime=2022-10-05, rootId=0, userName=wjcjjian, userId=0b7c20, projectId=1, avatar=, status=1, hasArticle=1, attachment=null, ipAttribution=, moduleDTOList=[ModuleDTO(moduleId=9b7521968560, moduleTitle=J Renal Nutr：低磷饮食可改善肠道微生物菌群，慢性肾病患者或可参考！, moduleType=article, hrefUrl=https://www.medsci.cn/article/show_article.do?id=9b7521968560)], followStatus=false, userIsMember=false, type=1, lengthMark=0), GetTopicListResponse(id=1825379, encodeId=d75518253e9fe, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=702a5065860' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#微生物#</a>, objectTitle=Ann Hematol：肠道微生物群评分可以预测异基因造血干细胞移植后的存活率, objectType=article, longId=302218, objectId=ae0e302218d3, topicUrl=null, isHasObj=0, objectCover=null, objectUrl=/article/show_article.do?id=ae0e302218d3, replyNumber=0, likeNumber=93, createdTime=2022-06-15, rootId=0, userName=wjcjjian, userId=0b7c20, projectId=1, avatar=, status=1, hasArticle=1, attachment=null, ipAttribution=, moduleDTOList=[ModuleDTO(moduleId=ae0e302218d3, moduleTitle=Ann Hematol：肠道微生物群评分可以预测异基因造血干细胞移植后的存活率, moduleType=article, hrefUrl=https://www.medsci.cn/article/show_article.do?id=ae0e302218d3)], followStatus=false, userIsMember=false, type=1, lengthMark=0), GetTopicListResponse(id=1825328, encodeId=d7e618253287c, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=702a5065860' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#微生物#</a>, objectTitle=eLife：光遗传学新突破，调控肠道微生物，延长寿命, objectType=article, longId=217735, objectId=02ff21e73585, topicUrl=null, isHasObj=0, objectCover=null, objectUrl=/article/show_article.do?id=02ff21e73585, replyNumber=0, likeNumber=67, createdTime=2022-01-21, rootId=0, userName=wjcjjian, userId=0b7c20, projectId=1, avatar=, status=1, hasArticle=1, attachment=null, ipAttribution=, moduleDTOList=[ModuleDTO(moduleId=02ff21e73585, moduleTitle=eLife：光遗传学新突破，调控肠道微生物，延长寿命, moduleType=article, hrefUrl=https://www.medsci.cn/article/show_article.do?id=02ff21e73585)], followStatus=false, userIsMember=false, type=1, lengthMark=0), GetTopicListResponse(id=1825392, encodeId=469b18253929f, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=702a5065860' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#微生物#</a>, objectTitle= ISME Journal：中科院深圳先进院戴磊团队解析膳食纤维干预下肠道微生物组的生态应答, objectType=article, longId=727610, objectId=a73fe2761092, topicUrl=null, isHasObj=0, objectCover=null, objectUrl=/article/show_article.do?id=a73fe2761092, replyNumber=0, likeNumber=84, createdTime=2022-10-16, rootId=0, userName=wjcjjian, userId=0b7c20, projectId=1, avatar=, status=1, hasArticle=1, attachment=null, ipAttribution=, moduleDTOList=[ModuleDTO(moduleId=a73fe2761092, moduleTitle= ISME Journal：中科院深圳先进院戴磊团队解析膳食纤维干预下肠道微生物组的生态应答, moduleType=article, hrefUrl=https://www.medsci.cn/article/show_article.do?id=a73fe2761092)], followStatus=false, userIsMember=false, type=1, lengthMark=0), GetTopicListResponse(id=1825312, encodeId=b4a31825312d1, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=702a5065860' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#微生物#</a>, objectTitle=Eur J Nutr：益生菌对血液透析患者肠道微生物群的影响, objectType=article, longId=215117, objectId=79a721511ef7, topicUrl=null, isHasObj=0, objectCover=null, objectUrl=/article/show_article.do?id=79a721511ef7, replyNumber=0, likeNumber=79, createdTime=2022-01-30, rootId=0, userName=wjcjjian, userId=0b7c20, projectId=1, avatar=, status=1, hasArticle=1, attachment=null, ipAttribution=, moduleDTOList=[ModuleDTO(moduleId=79a721511ef7, moduleTitle=Eur J Nutr：益生菌对血液透析患者肠道微生物群的影响, moduleType=article, hrefUrl=https://www.medsci.cn/article/show_article.do?id=79a721511ef7)], followStatus=false, userIsMember=false, type=1, lengthMark=0), GetTopicListResponse(id=1825323, encodeId=745d182532341, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=702a5065860' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#微生物#</a>, objectTitle=早期微生物反应能够预测呼吸机相关肺炎的结局, objectType=article, longId=216862, objectId=9c6321686260, topicUrl=null, isHasObj=0, objectCover=null, objectUrl=/article/show_article.do?id=9c6321686260, replyNumber=0, likeNumber=67, createdTime=2022-06-29, rootId=0, userName=wjcjjian, userId=0b7c20, projectId=1, avatar=, status=1, hasArticle=1, attachment=null, ipAttribution=, moduleDTOList=[ModuleDTO(moduleId=9c6321686260, moduleTitle=早期微生物反应能够预测呼吸机相关肺炎的结局, moduleType=article, hrefUrl=https://www.medsci.cn/article/show_article.do?id=9c6321686260)], followStatus=false, userIsMember=false, type=1, lengthMark=0)] 梅斯话题小助手

微生物

2020-05-29发表于威斯康星

智者为医08 (审核中...)

前往app查看评论内容

#微生物#

ASCO 2022 | 结直肠癌发病年轻化，可能与肠道微生物有关！

2023-03-06

wjcjjian (审核中...)

前往app查看评论内容

#微生物#

Cell Host & Microbe：脑损伤的早产新生儿的肠道-微生物-免疫-脑轴发育异常

2021-10-04

wjcjjian (审核中...)

前往app查看评论内容

#微生物#

Cell子刊：告别肥胖，让你的小肠微生物规律起来！

2023-01-12

wjcjjian (审核中...)

前往app查看评论内容

#微生物#

Nichi GLOW：来自日本的β-葡聚糖在自闭症谱系障碍儿童的临床研究中改善了行为、睡眠和肠道微生物群

2022-11-20

wjcjjian (审核中...)

前往app查看评论内容

#微生物#

Front Pharmacol：抗中性粒细胞胞浆抗体相关性血管炎的肠-肾轴：肠道微生物区系组成分析

2022-08-17

wjcjjian (审核中...)

前往app查看评论内容

#微生物#

Clin Microbiol Infect：COVID-19患者呼吸和血流细菌感染的预测因子和微生物学

2022-02-20

wjcjjian (审核中...)

前往app查看评论内容

#微生物#

Br J Dermatol：肠道微生物区系竟可以影响银屑病？

2023-02-28

wjcjjian (审核中...)

前往app查看评论内容

#微生物#

ARD：宏基因组关联研究揭示了日本系统性红斑狼疮患者肠道微生物群的疾病特异性景观

2022-02-07

wjcjjian (审核中...)

前往app查看评论内容

#微生物#

A&R：两个独立队列中肠道微生物群与血清尿酸升高之间的关联

2022-08-05

wjcjjian (审核中...)

前往app查看评论内容

#微生物#

一文了解微生物群在酒渣鼻中的作用

2022-04-29

wjcjjian (审核中...)

前往app查看评论内容

#微生物#

Nat Commun：小檗碱和益生菌对2型糖尿病肠道微生物的影响——PREMOTE研究

2021-11-30

wjcjjian (审核中...)

前往app查看评论内容

#微生物#

Neurology：肠道微生物组宏基因组学分析提示，多发性硬化患者可能存在肠道微生物紊乱！

2022-03-23

wjcjjian (审核中...)

前往app查看评论内容

#微生物#

J RENAL NUTR：菊粉补充对血液透析患者肠道菌群组成和微生物代谢产物的影响

2023-02-23

wjcjjian (审核中...)

前往app查看评论内容

#微生物#

辉凌在ACG 2021上呈报基于微生物群的在研活体生物治疗药物RBX2660获奖的真实世界转归分析

2022-04-02

wjcjjian (审核中...)

前往app查看评论内容

#微生物#

J Renal Nutr：低磷饮食可改善肠道微生物菌群，慢性肾病患者或可参考！

2022-10-05

wjcjjian (审核中...)

前往app查看评论内容

#微生物#

Ann Hematol：肠道微生物群评分可以预测异基因造血干细胞移植后的存活率

2022-06-15

wjcjjian (审核中...)

前往app查看评论内容

#微生物#

eLife：光遗传学新突破，调控肠道微生物，延长寿命

2022-01-21

wjcjjian (审核中...)

前往app查看评论内容

#微生物#

ISME Journal：中科院深圳先进院戴磊团队解析膳食纤维干预下肠道微生物组的生态应答

2022-10-16

wjcjjian (审核中...)

前往app查看评论内容

#微生物#

Eur J Nutr：益生菌对血液透析患者肠道微生物群的影响

2022-01-30

wjcjjian (审核中...)

前往app查看评论内容

#微生物#

早期微生物反应能够预测呼吸机相关肺炎的结局

2022-06-29

科室
- - 订阅+
  - 更多科室
工具
服务