International and interdisciplinary, the Annals of Biomedical Engineering provides broad coverage of bioengineering and biomedical engineering in timely, peer-reviewed papers, review articles, special communications (e.g., methodology), rapid communications, history and teaching articles, book reviews, and letters of interest to the medical and engineering community. The journal aims to provide integrated approaches to the solutions of biological and biomedical problems and to maintain a balance between experimental observation and analysis. Theory and mathematical models are evaluated wherever possible using biological data from experiments testing specific hypotheses. The journal topics cover the full range of bioengineering from classical biomaterials, biomechanics and bioinstrumentation, through biosystems analysis to the engineering of biological systems. New areas of coverage include tissue and cell engineering, neural engineering, biomaterial surfaces, and dynamical and fractal signals and systems. The rapidly expanding area of integrative biological systems encompassing all structural,organizational, and behavioral aspects of animals and humans, from the genome and the proteins to all the functions of cells and organisms is also a major focus of the journal.