The Journal of Applied Toxicology is devoted to publishing original research theoretical and literature reviews relating to the toxicity of drugs and chemicals to living systems at the molecular cellular tissue and target organ level. This also encompasses teratogenesis carcinogenesis mutagenesis mechanistic technology pharmacokinetics environmental toxicology and environmental health (including epidemiological studies) in addition to analytical and method development studies. Papers dealing with in vitro techniques and alternatives to the use of animals are encouraged. Experiments on animals should conform to prevailing national or international standards of welfare care and handling of animals (eg NUH guidelines). Investigations in human volunteers and patients must indicate that relevant ethical reviews and guidelines have been followed including obtaining informed consent. Papers must be of clear scientific value and contribute to knowledge and advancement in toxicology. All papers will be independently refereed. Contributions must be in English and not have been published elsewhere except as abstracts at scientific meetings. Review articles will be published and prior consultation with one of the editors is reommended. Review articles will also be refereed. Authors must agree not to communicate the same material for publication elsewhere.