Nature Aging: 抗衰老疫苗来了?打一针,清除衰老细胞,延长寿命

2021-12-18 王聪 “生物世界”公众号

衰老是一种自然过程,随着年龄的增长所有的人都会慢慢衰老,似乎是无法改变的自然规律。但是近年来,随着全球老龄化的加速,世界各国纷纷掀起了一股抗衰老研究的热潮,各种抗衰老药物和疗法也相继被发掘。

衰老是一种自然过程,随着年龄的增长所有的人都会慢慢衰老,似乎是无法改变的自然规律。但是近年来,随着全球老龄化的加速,世界各国纷纷掀起了一股抗衰老研究的热潮,各种抗衰老药物和疗法也相继被发掘,例如烟酰胺、二甲双胍和Senolytics疗法等。

之前的研究表明,生命的衰老过程一部分是因为衰老细胞的发展,这些衰老细胞已经难以发挥作用但却还没有自然死亡,这时候,这些衰老细胞会持续产生许多促炎和组织重塑分子而毒害周围其他细胞。不仅如此,科学家们通过转录组分析发现,与癌细胞一样,衰老细胞会增加“促生存网络”的表达,从而帮助它们抵抗细胞凋亡或程序性细胞死亡。

2015年,美国梅奥医学中心的 James Kirkland 博士等在 Aging Cell 杂志发表论文,报道了一类选择性杀伤衰老细胞的药物组合——Senolytics。达沙替尼和槲皮素组成的Senolytics疗法可以能够选择性地诱导衰老细胞死亡。其中,达沙替尼可清除衰老的人脂肪细胞祖细胞,而槲皮素可以杀伤衰老的人内皮细胞和小鼠骨髓干细胞,两者联合使用效果更强。

在此之后,许多动物研究表明,Senolytic 疗法能够改善衰老状态并延长寿命。

近日,日本顺天堂大学的研究团队在 Nature Aging 期刊发表了题为:Senolytic vaccination improves normal and pathological age-related phenotypes and increases lifespan in progeroid mice 的研究论文。

该研究确定了 Senolytic 疗法的一个靶点——糖蛋白非转移性黑色素瘤蛋白B(GPNMB),GPNMB在衰老细胞表明富集。开发针对GPNMB的抗体,并将其作为疫苗,能够改善小鼠衰老相关的症状,还能延长小鼠寿命,尤其是雄性小鼠。

Senolytic 这种选择性清除衰老细胞的方式能够改善小鼠衰老相关的正常和病例变化。但是大多数清除衰老细胞的药物会抑制抗细胞凋亡通路,这可能会增加对正常组织的脱靶效应。因此,有必要确定 Senolytic 疗法的具体作用靶点。

在这项最新研究中,研究团队将糖蛋白非转移性黑色素瘤蛋白B(GPNMB)确定为 Senolytic 疗法的分子靶点。

GPNMB是一种跨膜蛋白,对衰老血管内皮细胞转录组数据的分析表明,GPNMB在衰老细胞表面富集。GPNMB在动脉粥样硬化的人类患者和小鼠的血管内皮细胞和/或白细胞中也表达上调。

早在2019年5月6日,武汉大学宋宝亮团队、上海科技大学戚炜团队合作在 Nature Metabolism 期刊发表了题为:Gpnmb secreted from liver promotes lipogenesis in white adipose tissue and aggravates obesity and insulin resistance 的研究论文。详情:武汉大学宋宝亮等发现肥胖和糖尿病等代谢紊乱疾病的全新治疗靶点

这项研究表明,GPNMB是脂肪生成中重要的调控因子,GPNMB增加白色脂肪组织中脂肪酸合成并加剧饮食诱导的肥胖和胰岛素抵抗。用中和抗体阻断GPNMB可改善饮食诱导的肥胖和胰岛素敏感性。因此,抑制GPNMB是肥胖和糖尿病的潜在治疗方法。

而 Nature Aging 的这项新研究证实了,敲除GPNMB能够减轻高脂饮食小鼠的代谢异常和动脉粥样硬化,并改善衰老状态。

然后,研究团队开发了靶向GPNMB蛋白的抗体,将其作为疫苗。注射后,该疫苗产生的抗体仅与衰老细胞表面的GPNMB蛋白结合,从而标记衰老细胞,诱导抗体依赖性细胞介导的细胞毒作用(ADCC)来杀死这些衰老细胞。

接下来,研究团队在动脉粥样硬化(因衰老细胞聚集而引起的疾病)小鼠模型和衰老小鼠中对该疫苗进行了验证。实验结果表明,该疫苗能够减少硬化动脉中的衰老细胞数量,降低衰老小鼠的虚弱程度和其他衰老相关症状。

此外,这种 Senolytic 疫苗,还能延长小鼠的寿命(平均延长20%),尤其是雄性小鼠的寿命。这表明这种针对衰老抗原的 Senolytic 疫苗可作为一种新的 Senolytic 疗法。

原始出处:

Suda, M., Shimizu, I., Katsuumi, G. et al. Senolytic vaccination improves normal and pathological age-related phenotypes and increases lifespan in progeroid mice. Nat Aging (2021). https://doi.org/10.1038/s43587-021-00151-2.

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    2022-04-16 liye789132251
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    2021-12-19 ms2000001601770640

    厉害!

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    2021-12-18 ms7000002125021942

    厉害

    0

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The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition:血液中较高水平的 omega-3 酸可将预期寿命延长近五年

心血管疾病(CVD )仍然是全球主要的死亡原因 ,不过可以通过改变行为风险因素来降低该疾病风险,例如不健康的饮食、缺乏身体活动以及使用烟草和酒精。其中,在饮食方面,与降低 CVD 风险和降低总死亡率(

吃得少,活得久?Nature子刊:晚年再吃“七分饱”,效果大打折扣!

限制性进食(dietary restriction,DR)是指在不引起营养不良的情况下,减少食物摄入。只有在成年期后一直维持进食限制才能够延长寿命,晚年再开始难以产生延寿功效。