Diabetologia:1型糖尿病增加患癌风险

2016-03-02 QQduhp 译 MedSci原创

发表在Diabetologia的一项研究表明,1型糖尿病可能增加民众患某些癌症的风险。 1型糖尿病占所有糖尿病患者的5%,主要由于患者胰腺不能产生胰岛素,导致民众血糖水平高。 英国爱丁堡大学的Stephanie Read博士和同事指出,既往研究表明,糖尿病患者的患癌风险比没有患糖尿病的患者高20-25%。但他们指出,他们分析的是2型糖尿病患者,因为它是最常见的糖尿病,占病例的90-95%。1型糖尿

发表在Diabetologia的一项研究表明,1型糖尿病可能增加患某些癌症的风险。 


1型糖尿病占所有糖尿病患者的5%,主要由于患者胰腺不能产生胰岛素,因此患者血糖水平高。
 
英国爱丁堡大学的Stephanie Read博士和同事指出,既往研究所指出的观点——糖尿病患者的患癌风险比无糖尿病患者高20-25%不准确,因为以往研究分析的是2型糖尿病患者,2型是最常见的糖尿病,占病例的90-95%。因此,研究人员认为1型糖尿病和癌症之间的关系尚不明朗。 

由于疾病差异、药物疗法等的不同,1型糖尿病和癌症之间的关系可能不同于2型糖尿病与癌症之间的关系。

Read博士和同事比较了5个国家1型糖尿病患者的癌症发病率,以便更好地理解二者之间的联系。

研究人员收集了澳大利亚、丹麦、芬兰、苏格兰和瑞典5个国家40岁以下的1型糖尿病患者,他们对病人进行随访并统计其患癌发病率。在390万个病人年中,共有9149名1型糖尿病患者罹患癌症。

研究人员发现,1型糖尿病男性患者癌症风险并不比未患糖尿病的男性高,而1型糖尿病女性患者患癌风险增加7%。男性患胃癌的风险增加23%,女性患胃癌的风险较未患1型糖尿病的女性增加78%。1型男性和女性糖尿病患者患肝癌(男性若患1型糖尿病则患肝癌风险加倍,女性增加55%)、胰腺癌(1型糖尿病男性和女性患者患癌风险分别增加53%和25%)和肾癌(1型糖尿病男性和女性患者患癌风险分别增加30%和47%),1型糖尿病女性患者患子宫内膜癌的风险增加42%。

研究人员还发现,1型糖尿病女性患者患乳腺癌的风险降低10%,且较多是年轻群体,而1型糖尿病男性患者患前列腺癌的风险降低44%,研究人员认为这是由于1型糖尿病男性患者体内睾酮水平较低。睾酮水平较高导致患前列腺癌的风险增加,高血糖水平也被证明能够抑制睾酮的产生。研究人员表示这或许可以解释为什么1型糖尿病男性患者总体癌症风险没有增加。研究人员还发现,糖尿病诊断确立后患癌症的风险是最高的,1年内男性和女性患癌发病率是之后患癌的2.3倍。

对于大多数特定癌症,1型糖尿病患者的患癌风险逐渐降低,但患1型糖尿病18年后女性患子宫内膜癌的风险仍高。 

对于男性而言,患1型糖尿病20年后癌症发病率降至平均水平。对于女性来说,患1型糖尿病5年后女性的患癌风险降至平均水平。

既往研究表明,胰岛素治疗可能增加糖尿病患者罹患癌症的风险,Read博士和他的同事表示并非如此。他们认为,如果胰岛素治疗是患癌的高危风险因素,这将有助于解释为什么1型糖尿病患者比2型糖尿病患者患癌风险更高。此外,他们认为,高血糖水平有助于解释机体糖化血红蛋白水平和某些癌症的风险。

1型糖尿病患者应改善生活方式以降低患癌症的风险,如减轻体重,增加身体锻炼,避免吸烟。
 
研究人员表示,未来的研究应重点探究1型糖尿病患者某些癌症的发病率的增加是否导致其癌症死亡率增加。

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    2016-08-04 sjq027
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    2016-03-04 lq0307

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图片来源:hcgdietamerica.blogspot.com 近日,来自科罗拉多大学医学院的研究者鉴别出了一种新型的抗原,其或许是引发1型糖尿病的促成因子,相关研究发表于国际杂志Science上。 在自身免疫疾病中,一个关键的问题就是为何免疫系统会攻击机体自身的组织,1型糖尿病是一种自身免疫疾病,发病原因为产生胰岛素的胰腺β细胞被免疫细胞破坏了,尤其是T细胞;胰岛素是一种可以调节机体

JAMA:1型糖尿病患者使用胰岛素联合二甲双胍并不能有效控制血糖

研究者进行了一项研究,探究对于1型糖尿病超重青少年,在胰岛素的基础上添加二甲双胍对其血糖控制的有效性和安全性。该多中心、双盲、安慰剂对照的随机临床试验纳入了12.1-19.6岁 (mean [SD] 15.3 [1.7]岁) 的140名1型糖尿病(患病时长 7.0 (3.3))青少年,平均BMI位于94百分位,平均每日胰岛素使用为 1.1 (0.2) U/kg,平均HbA1c为8.8% (0.7%

CDS 2015:滕卫平:1型糖尿病表观遗传学研究进展

1型糖尿病(T1DM)是遗传背景与环境因素共同作用下发生的复杂疾病,易感基因的携带是T1DM重要的危险因素,但遗传因素并不能解释T1DM全部病因。在DNA序列之外,存在可以稳定遗传的对基因表达的调控,称为表观遗传学。表观遗传学主要的修饰方式包括DNA甲基化、组蛋白转录后修饰和非编码RNA修饰。DNA甲基化的主要生物功能是抑制转录,去甲基化的中间过程——羟甲基化的生物学功能是促进转录。组蛋白修饰包括

Circulation:新模型可很好地预测1型糖尿病患者的心血管疾病风险

1型糖尿病患者的心血管疾病(CVD)的危险增加,但目前治疗不足。有在临床实践中定期用于1型糖尿病患者心血管疾病评估风险没有风险评分。该研究共纳入了4,306例临床诊断为成人1型糖尿病患者,研究人员开发了一个预测模型来预测第一致命或非致命性心血管事件(缺血性心脏疾病,缺血性中风,心脏衰竭和外周动脉疾病)的风险。详细的临床数据,包括生活方式因素都被链接到国家登记事件数据验证。风险预测模型是使用一个两阶