PNAS:科学家筛选可以保护机体抵御痴呆症的新基因

2015-12-16 佚名 生物谷

优胜劣汰,适者生存是生物学界最容易被误解的术语,近日,刊登在国际杂志PNAS上的一项研究报告中,来自加利福尼亚大学的研究人员通过研究表示,对于人类而言,自然选择或许更倾向于使得祖父母获得遗传保护而抵御痴呆症的发生,老年阶段维持较好的认知和记忆能力或许会促进老年人传播他们的智慧,并且关爱子孙们,同时痴呆症的老年人却跟需要照顾自己。 这种外祖母的假设更契合于亲属选择(血缘淘汰)的规则,也就是说,个人

优胜劣汰,适者生存是生物学界最容易被误解的术语,近日,刊登在国际杂志PNAS上的一项研究报告中,来自加利福尼亚大学的研究人员通过研究表示,对于人类而言,自然选择或许更倾向于使得祖父母获得遗传保护而抵御痴呆症的发生,老年阶段维持较好的认知和记忆能力或许会促进老年人传播他们的智慧,并且关爱子孙们,同时痴呆症的老年人却跟需要照顾自己。

这种外祖母的假设更契合于亲属选择(血缘淘汰)的规则,也就是说,个人可以延续他们的基因,这不仅可以通过子孙后代来完成,还可以通过使得分享基因突变的后代通过轻松生存的方式来完成,这看似是利他主义,比如为何蚂蚁会建一座桥一边其亲属可以穿过障碍,或者为何松鼠会通过尖叫的方式来表示警告;对于人类而言,祖父母辈通过通过教授后代一定的生存技巧来增加后代儿童生存的可能性。

人类和齿鲸是生活在过去繁殖时代仅存的哺乳动物,虎鲸能在绝经后期生存,这可能是因为其可以利用环境来教授年轻的小鲸如何去巧夺食物生存下去;而人类也经历了相同的进化路径直到阿尔兹海默氏症的出现,这种疾病会损伤老年人的认知能力。文章中研究人员通过寻找可以中和痴呆症趋势的新型基因突变,最终他们首先发现了名为CD33的基因,该基因可以编码一种维持炎性和免疫反应的受体,这种“C”等位基因和早期痴呆症发生相关,但“A”等位基因则可以通过促进小胶质细胞吸收过多的β淀粉样蛋白而保护机体认知能力。

这项研究中,研究人员鉴别出了10个突变基因,其可以保护机体抵御血管形式的痴呆症的发生,这10个基因分别为APOE, AGT, SCG2, CAPN10, TCF7L2, EBF1, COX-2, CYP3A5, PPARG, 和PON1,血管性痴呆往往会阻断血流,而这10个基因可以保护机体抵御高血压、2型糖尿病及心血管疾病,研究人员在现代非洲人机体中也发现了这些衍生的保护性等位基因,这就表明这些基因至少已经存在了10万年了。

最后研究者Ganeux说道,我们的研究并没有证明这些因子参与了CD33、APOE及其它基因保护性突变体的选择性筛选过程,但其毕竟可以帮助推测发生这种现象的可能性;毕竟跨代之间的关爱及信息的传递都是家族中年轻后代生存的重要因子,而且对于广泛的社会网络和部落都非常关键。后期研究者也非常乐意去开发新型的遗传检测盘来帮助检测可以抵御痴呆症的新型基因。

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  1. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1855796, encodeId=cb0d1855e9694, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=f32014428fc' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#PNAS#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=30, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=14428, encryptionId=f32014428fc, topicName=PNAS)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=08e964, createdName=drwjr, createdTime=Thu Dec 24 08:04:00 CST 2015, time=2015-12-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1836111, encodeId=ff3c1836111c5, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=4613e1212fc' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#痴呆症#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=39, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=71212, encryptionId=4613e1212fc, topicName=痴呆症)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=726030, createdName=Boyinsh, createdTime=Fri Mar 11 21:04:00 CST 2016, time=2016-03-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=48331, encodeId=2272483310d, content=好文章,值得看。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=118, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=bc301610909, createdName=hixiaoluo, createdTime=Sat Dec 26 16:30:00 CST 2015, time=2015-12-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1584348, encodeId=f86f1584348d3, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=9bbee5948f0' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#筛选#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=31, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=75948, encryptionId=9bbee5948f0, topicName=筛选)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=39da17047364, createdName=ms6747015003810650, createdTime=Fri Dec 18 04:04:00 CST 2015, time=2015-12-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1616358, encodeId=5108161635845, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=0d9658313ea' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#新基因#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=58313, encryptionId=0d9658313ea, topicName=新基因)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=dd7919746090, createdName=12498b3em14(暂无昵称), createdTime=Fri Dec 18 04:04:00 CST 2015, time=2015-12-18, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2015-12-24 drwjr
  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1855796, encodeId=cb0d1855e9694, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=f32014428fc' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#PNAS#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=30, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=14428, encryptionId=f32014428fc, topicName=PNAS)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=08e964, createdName=drwjr, createdTime=Thu Dec 24 08:04:00 CST 2015, time=2015-12-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1836111, encodeId=ff3c1836111c5, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=4613e1212fc' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#痴呆症#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=39, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=71212, encryptionId=4613e1212fc, topicName=痴呆症)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=726030, createdName=Boyinsh, createdTime=Fri Mar 11 21:04:00 CST 2016, time=2016-03-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=48331, encodeId=2272483310d, content=好文章,值得看。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=118, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=bc301610909, createdName=hixiaoluo, createdTime=Sat Dec 26 16:30:00 CST 2015, time=2015-12-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1584348, encodeId=f86f1584348d3, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=9bbee5948f0' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#筛选#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=31, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=75948, encryptionId=9bbee5948f0, topicName=筛选)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=39da17047364, createdName=ms6747015003810650, createdTime=Fri Dec 18 04:04:00 CST 2015, time=2015-12-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1616358, encodeId=5108161635845, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=0d9658313ea' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#新基因#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=58313, encryptionId=0d9658313ea, topicName=新基因)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=dd7919746090, createdName=12498b3em14(暂无昵称), createdTime=Fri Dec 18 04:04:00 CST 2015, time=2015-12-18, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-03-11 Boyinsh
  3. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1855796, encodeId=cb0d1855e9694, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=f32014428fc' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#PNAS#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=30, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=14428, encryptionId=f32014428fc, topicName=PNAS)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=08e964, createdName=drwjr, createdTime=Thu Dec 24 08:04:00 CST 2015, time=2015-12-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1836111, encodeId=ff3c1836111c5, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=4613e1212fc' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#痴呆症#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=39, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=71212, encryptionId=4613e1212fc, topicName=痴呆症)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=726030, createdName=Boyinsh, createdTime=Fri Mar 11 21:04:00 CST 2016, time=2016-03-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=48331, encodeId=2272483310d, content=好文章,值得看。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=118, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=bc301610909, createdName=hixiaoluo, createdTime=Sat Dec 26 16:30:00 CST 2015, time=2015-12-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1584348, encodeId=f86f1584348d3, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=9bbee5948f0' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#筛选#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=31, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=75948, encryptionId=9bbee5948f0, topicName=筛选)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=39da17047364, createdName=ms6747015003810650, createdTime=Fri Dec 18 04:04:00 CST 2015, time=2015-12-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1616358, encodeId=5108161635845, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=0d9658313ea' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#新基因#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=58313, encryptionId=0d9658313ea, topicName=新基因)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=dd7919746090, createdName=12498b3em14(暂无昵称), createdTime=Fri Dec 18 04:04:00 CST 2015, time=2015-12-18, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2015-12-26 hixiaoluo

    好文章,值得看。

    0

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