Biol Psychiat:双相障碍是一种线粒体疾病?

2017-10-26 佚名 大话精神

复发、反复和精神病性是双相障碍(BD)的常见特征,它影响患者生活的各个方面。由于缺乏可测量的生物标志物,目前双相障碍的诊断主要依赖于主观记录情绪和行为。

复发、反复和精神病性是双相障碍(BD)的常见特征,它影响患者生活的各个方面。由于缺乏可测量的生物标志物,目前双相障碍的诊断主要依赖于主观记录情绪和行为。

有研究指出,线粒体和能量代谢在双相障碍的生理机制中发挥一定的作用。线粒体功能障碍的一些最早和最直接的证据来自MRS研究,显示BD患者大脑和脑脊液(CSF)中乳酸水平较高,而脑内ATP和PCr水平较低。确实,乳酸水平对于诊断各种各样的线粒体疾病至关重要。有趣的是,线粒体病患者通常会出现精神病性症状。

此外,复合体Ⅰ(在人类,复合体Ⅰ即还原型烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸(NADH)辅酶Q氧化还原酶复合体)功能障碍是人类线粒体疾病最常见的原因,它也是细胞活性氧(ROS)的主要来源。核心复合体Ⅰ亚单位的突变有时是严重和致命的,携带突变的个体从未活过成年期。例如,线粒体复合体Ⅰ NDUFV1基因(1268C> T)中的突变与复合体Ⅰ缺乏相关,导致成熟NDUFV1蛋白的截短91%,导致早期严重表型,患者出生不到2年就发生死亡。在其他情况下,线粒体DNA突变可能会产生轻微的功能后果,尽管不是致命的,但可能会导致明显的症状,如在双相障碍中看到的那样。

具体来说,线粒体DNA 3644T> C(编码线粒体复合体I亚基ND1的区域)的突变与BD相关,导致复合体Ⅰ活性降低,线粒体细胞系中线粒体膜电位降低(细胞系线粒体转染细胞,但含有相同的核DNA)。同样,其他细胞核DNA编码的线粒体复合体Ⅰ基因(如NDUFV2(-3188C> T和-602G> A))中的几个SNP与BD相关,但是这些SNP的功能后果仍有待充分探索。此外,最近一项利用BD诱导多能干细胞衍生的年轻神经元的研究显示,多个线粒体基因的表达发生变化,线粒体体积更小,膜电位更高。这进一步支持BD患者存在线粒体遗传性缺陷。

已经证明线粒体DNA变异与BD的表型,治疗反应和生物化学变化相关。研究小组最近对来自224位BD患者的线粒体DNA(mtDNA)进行了测序,数据显示,U单倍群组患者精神病风险更高。已显示MtDNA 10398A突变会使BD患者对锂治疗的反应更好。相同的突变也与前额叶皮质中较高的空腹血糖和较低葡萄糖利用率相关。许多遗传学研究也使用全基因组关联研究(GWAS)搜索核DNA中的遗传变异的风险。在BD患者中没有发现线粒体的特异性突变。 CACNA1C,钙通道,ANK3,参与神经元功能调节的基因,ZNF804A,参与髓磷脂转录的基因是BD研究中的最重要的发现。这些基因在BD中的确切作用尚未完全了解,并且这些基因突变是否增加BD患者线粒体功能障碍的易感性尚未研究。

除了成像数据和DNA突变外,线粒体复合体Ⅰ功能障碍的证据也存在于mRNA和蛋白水平上。BD患者前额叶皮质中的NDUFS7蛋白水平降低,这与复合体I活性降低相关。

鉴于生物化学和成像数据对BD患者存在线粒体功能障碍的支持,为什么BD遗传学研究从未针对线粒体功能障碍呢?

一个主要原因可能是人类基因组(细胞核与线粒体DNA)参与线粒体蛋白的制备和线粒体功能的控制。这两个基因组独立遗传——与核基因不同,线粒体DNA中的突变从母体遗传,携带突变的线粒体数量可能因人而异。基因组中的遗传变异以及核线粒体单核苷酸多态性(SNPs)之间的相互作用可影响线粒体蛋白的产生和线粒体功能。一个未解决的问题是细胞核或线粒体DNA中的突变如何影响调节线粒体蛋白完整性和功能的这些质量控制过程。

第二个主要原因可能是细胞核和线粒体DNA通信和相互作用的复杂性。即使是人体中常见的复合体Ⅰ功能障碍现今都难以诊断,因为它与广泛的功能和临床表现相关。

BD研究中对线粒体遗传学和功能方面已经取得了很大进展,但这一领域仍在继续发展。了解细胞核与线粒体DNA突变如何影响线粒体蛋白的完整性和功能,将使我们更好的认识BD是否与线粒体疾病存在共同病理,并确定线粒体功能障碍是否是偶发性疾病或后果。

识别线粒体遗传学与BD之间的明确关联将有助于鉴别高危人群。此外,了解任何确定的突变的生物化学效应将打开临床相关生物标志物和治疗剂的开发窗口,这会进一步推动这种慢性和衰弱性疾病的有效治疗。

原始出处:
Andreazza A C, Duong A,Young L T. Bipolar disorder as a mitochondrial disease. Biological Psychiatry, Sep 2017.

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    2017-10-29 sunfeifeiyang

    线粒体.氧不够?

    0

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    2017-10-27 jihuaijun1112

    学习学习学习

    0

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    2017-10-26 惠映实验室

    学习了.谢谢.

    0

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    2017-10-26 清风拂面

    谢谢分享.学习受益匪浅

    0

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