个案报道:以眼眶肿胀作为首发症状的乳腺癌

2011-06-07 MedSci原创 MedSci原创

引言   乳腺癌转移最常发生在肝脏、骨、肺、皮肤和脑,眼眶转移很少见。    内眼眶转移瘤在各系统恶性肿瘤中的发生率颇受争议:一些作者报道发生率高达30%[1];而其他作者认为发生率大概为2-3%[2,3]。    据一些研究报道[2-5],所有发生眼眶转移的原发肿瘤中,乳腺癌被认为是最常见的,据统计高达29-70%。    一项来自新泽西州医学院眼科和视觉研

引言

  乳腺癌转移最常发生在肝脏、骨、肺、皮肤和脑,眼眶转移很少见。
 

  内眼眶转移瘤在各系统恶性肿瘤中的发生率颇受争议:一些作者报道发生率高达30%[1];而其他作者认为发生率大概为2-3%[2,3]。
 

  据一些研究报道[2-5],所有发生眼眶转移的原发肿瘤中,乳腺癌被认为是最常见的,据统计高达29-70%。
 

  一项来自新泽西州医学院眼科和视觉研究所的研究证明,眶内新生物通常在诊断原发肿瘤后3-6年出现,但眶内转移瘤偶尔也可能会在初诊乳腺癌数十年后出现 [2]。
 

  研究病例来自热那亚大学外科,在这个病例中,患者诊断乳腺癌,但眼眶症状是首发表现。
 

病例报告

  患者66岁,女性,意大利高加索族,既往病史无特殊。
 

  患者出现右侧下眼眶肿胀,不伴视觉障碍。
 

  眼眶CT检查:右眼眶软组织增厚,脂肪组织、视神经和肌肉间界线模糊;初步考虑恶性浸润(淋巴瘤?)和炎症。实验室检查示:碱性磷酸酶ALP升高(345 U/L)。
 

  体格检查:左乳外侧发现一个病灶。
 

  患者术前行乳腺X线、乳腺超声检查和细针穿刺活检,病理示低分化乳腺癌。
 

  患者不适合行新辅助化疗,故行改良根治术和前眼眶上下眼睑的生物学活检。
 

  术后病理诊断侵袭性小叶导管癌,广泛转移,淋巴结活检(16/16),有神经、血管、淋巴管侵润(国际抗癌联盟:T3/G3/N3a);眼眶组织活检示印戒细胞,同时可见乳腺浸润性小叶导管(国际抗癌联盟:T3/G3/N3a/M1)。
 

  免疫组化:雌激素受体ER(75%),孕酮受体PR(60%),Ki-67增殖指数低(5%),cerb-2阴性。
 

  全身评价:全身CT和骨扫描检查提示头骨、左侧第一肋骨、胸锁关节、背部脊柱和双侧髂嵴可能发生转移(ALP升高得到解释);癌胚抗原CEA升高(20.0 μg/L),CA153升高(188.00 U/mL,正常值为15.3 U/mL)。
 

  患者接受辅助化疗(5-氟尿嘧啶、表阿霉素和环磷酰胺(FEC)以及多西紫杉醇3个周期)和眼部放射治疗。因为患者手术不到5年,目前还在接受内分泌治疗(芳香化酶抑制剂治疗5年)。
 

讨论

  以往的案例报告,眼眶表现常继发于乳腺癌 [2,4,6-8]。以眼眶表现作为首发症状的病例,是我们研究所在20年工作中遇到的第一例。
 

  根据我们的调查结果,侵润性小叶癌是乳腺癌中最常发生眼眶转移的组织病理型 [5,9,10]。
 

  乳腺癌眼眶转移可预示有其他器官的广泛转移[2,4-6]。此患者系统评价时就发现骨转移和可疑肺转移。
 

  患者每年监测乳腺核磁,每半年行外科和肿瘤检查,每4个月行血CEA和CA153、全身和眼眶检查。
 

结论

  乳腺癌的临床表现并不是一成不变的,一个病人可能无法检查到明显肿块。
 

  病人就诊症状和乳腺癌没有明显相关。因此,出现眼眶受侵表现必须行相关检查排除乳腺癌。
 

参考文献

[1] Albert DM, Rubenstein RA, Scheie HG: Tumor metastasis to the eye, I: incidence in 213 patients with generalized malignancy.Am J Ophthalmol 1967 , 63:723-726.

[2] Milman T, Pliner L, Langer P: Breast Carcinoma Metastatic to the Orbit: An Unusually Late Presentation.Ophthal Plast Reconst Surg 2008 , 24(6):480-482.

[3] Shields JA, Shields CL, Brotman HK, Carvalho C, Perez N, Eagle RC Jr: Cancer metastatic to the orbit: the 2000 Robert M. Curts Lecture.Ophthal Plast Reconst Surg 2000 , 17:346-354.

[4] Goldberg RA, Rootman J, Cline RA: Tumors metastatic to the orbit: a changing picture.Surv Ophthalmol 1990 , 35:1-24.

[5] Kadivar M, Joulaee A, Kashkouli MB, Kharazi HH, Kalantari M, Kumar PV: Orbital metastasis as the First Presentation of Nonpalpable Invasive Lobular Carcinoma of the Breast.Breast J 2006 , 12(1):75-76.

[6] Henderson JW, Campbell RJ, Farrow GM, et al.: Metastatic carcinomas. In Orbital Tumors. 3rd edition. Raven Press. New York; 1994:361-376.

[7] Holland D, Maune S, Kovàcs G, et al.: Metastatic tumors of the orbit: a retrospective study.Orbit 2003 , 22:15-24.

[8] Surace D, Pisciolo I, Morelli L, Valduga F, Licci S: Orbital metastasis as the first sign of "Dormant" breast cancer dissemination 25 years after mastectomy.Jpn J Ophthalmol 2008 , 52(5):423-425.

[9] Lell M, Schulz-Wendtland R, Magener A, Bautz WA, Tomandl BF: Bilateral orbital tumour as the presentation of mammographically occult breast cancer.Neuroradiology 2004 , 46(8):682-685.

[10] Toller KK, Gigantelli JW, Spalding MJ: Bilateral orbital metastases from breast carcinoma: A case of false pseudotumor.Ophthalmology 1998 , 105(10):1897-1901.

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    2018-11-01

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