Science:周俭民等植物天然免疫机制研究获进展

2012-07-03 遗传与发育生物学研究所 遗传与发育生物学研究所

植物天然免疫机制研究取得重要进展 植物的天然免疫是植物免疫系统的重要组成部分。在植物的细胞膜上存在多种模式识别受体,通过识别病原体上的一些共有的、保守的分子基序(也即病原相关分子模式),引发先天免疫反应。真菌病原体细胞壁的主要组分几丁质是β-1,4连接的N –乙酰氨基葡萄糖的多聚物,可以作为一种病原分子相关模式刺激植物产生免疫反应。几丁质在拟南芥中的受体CERK1是一种LysM类型的受体激酶,胞

植物天然免疫机制研究取得重要进展

植物的天然免疫是植物免疫系统的重要组成部分。在植物的细胞膜上存在多种模式识别受体,通过识别病原体上的一些共有的、保守的分子基序(也即病原相关分子模式),引发先天免疫反应。真菌病原体细胞壁的主要组分几丁质是β-1,4连接的N –乙酰氨基葡萄糖的多聚物,可以作为一种病原分子相关模式刺激植物产生免疫反应。几丁质在拟南芥中的受体CERK1是一种LysM类型的受体激酶,胞外含有三个串联的LysM结构域。已有的研究结果表明,体外表达纯化的CERK1能直接结合几丁质,但是其识别几丁质的分子机制和结合几丁质后的激活机制却亟待阐明。

中科院遗传与发育生物学研究所周俭民研究组与清华大学的柴继杰研究组等合作,通过多种生化和功能分析以及结构生物学实验,发现了几丁质激活CERK1的机理。结果表明:当植物宿主细胞感受到几丁质时,植物细胞膜上的AtCERK1通过胞外LysM结构域二聚化来完成配体感应,使其胞内结构域磷酸化并激活下游防卫反应信号通路。

该项研究为理解植物免疫调控及其它受体激酶的作用方式提供了一个宝贵的模型。

该项工作于6月1日以Chitin-Induced Dimerization Activates a Plant Immune Receptor为题,在Science杂志发表(336:1160-1164)。柴继杰教授、周俭民研究员和郑州大学常俊标教授为共同通讯作者;柴继杰指导的研究生刘婷婷和周俭民指导的研究生刘自旭为共同第一作者;来自北京大学的研究人员也参与了部分研究工作。

该项研究得到了科技部的资助。

doi:10.1126/science.1218867
PMC:
PMID:

Chitin-Induced Dimerization Activates a Plant Immune Receptor

Tingting Liu1,2,3,4,*, Zixu Liu4,5,*, Chuanjun Song6, Yunfei Hu7,8, Zhifu Han2,3, Ji She8, Fangfang Fan6, Jiawei Wang3, Changwen Jin7,8, Junbiao Chang6,†, Jian-Min Zhou4,9,†, Jijie Chai2,3,†

Pattern recognition receptors confer plant resistance to pathogen infection by recognizing the conserved pathogen-associated molecular patterns. The cell surface receptor chitin elicitor receptor kinase 1 of Arabidopsis (AtCERK1) directly binds chitin through its lysine motif (LysM)–containing ectodomain (AtCERK1-ECD) to activate immune responses. The crystal structure that we solved of an AtCERK1-ECD complexed with a chitin pentamer reveals that their interaction is primarily mediated by a LysM and three chitin residues. By acting as a bivalent ligand, a chitin octamer induces AtCERK1-ECD dimerization that is inhibited by shorter chitin oligomers. A mutation attenuating chitin-induced AtCERK1-ECD dimerization or formation of nonproductive AtCERK1 dimer by overexpression of AtCERK1-ECD compromises AtCERK1-mediated signaling in plant cells. Together, our data support the notion that chitin-induced AtCERK1 dimerization is critical for its activation.

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    2012-07-05 jichang
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6月28日,Science杂志在线报道了关于体细胞逆转录转座子在人类肿瘤发生中作用的最新研究进展。 转座子(TEs)在人类基因组中含量丰富,有些能够通过RNA中间体产生新的插入序列。在癌症细胞中,通常抑制TE活动的机制如果遭到破坏,可能会促进诱导突变的逆转录转座子的产生。研究者对五个类型的癌症中 43个高覆盖率全基因组测序数据集的TE插入序列,进行了单个核苷酸分辨率的分析。 研究确定了194个

Science:免疫分子编织纳米网抓住沙门氏菌等肠道微生物

由美国加州大学戴维斯分校卫生系统(UC Davis Health System)领导的一组科研人员发现了人α-防御素6(HD6)——这是人体的天然防御系统的一个关键成分——与微生物表面结合并形成了围绕、纠缠微生物并让微生物失能的“纳米网”,防止细菌附着在肠道细胞上或者入侵肠道细胞。 该研究描述了防御素的一种全新的作用机制。防御素是已知能够支持血液中的白细胞的防御作用的一组重要的分子,它们保护细胞

Science:α-防御素6在肠道免疫中的重要作用

6月21日,Science在线报道了人α-防御素(HD)6在肠道免疫中的重要作用。 防御素是一种抗菌肽,它广泛地发挥促进先天免疫系统的功能,包括保护粘膜组织。人α-防御素(HD)6在小肠分泌性潘氏细胞高表达。然而,在对比其他防御素,它缺乏明显的杀菌活性。 尽管如此,本研究发现,在体外和体内实验中,HD6均可抵抗肠道细菌病原体的侵袭。随机地与细菌表面的蛋白质结合后,HD6经过有序自组装形成包围和