我国科学家首次证实寨卡病毒感染致小头畸形

2016-05-12 佚名 中国科学报

5月12日凌晨,《细胞—干细胞》杂志在线发表了中国科学院与军事医学科学院合作完成的一项研究。研究人员建立了寨卡病毒小头畸形动物模型,并在全球首次证实寨卡病毒感染能够直接导致小头畸形的发生,该成果也为进一步研究寨卡病毒的致病机制和治疗研究打下了理论基础。中科院遗传与发育生物学研究所研究员许执恒团队与军事医学科学院微生物流行病研究所教授秦成峰团队合作在哺乳动物小鼠中发现,寨卡病毒可以在胚胎脑中快速复制

5月12日凌晨,《细胞—干细胞》杂志在线发表了中国科学院与军事医学科学院合作完成的一项研究。研究人员建立了寨卡病毒小头畸形动物模型,并在全球首次证实寨卡病毒感染能够直接导致小头畸形的发生,该成果也为进一步研究寨卡病毒的致病机制和治疗研究打下了理论基础。

中科院遗传与发育生物学研究所研究员许执恒团队与军事医学科学院微生物流行病研究所教授秦成峰团队合作在哺乳动物小鼠中发现,寨卡病毒可以在胚胎脑中快速复制并感染神经干细胞,造成神经干细胞的增殖与分化异常,以及神经元的大量死亡,最终导致大脑皮层变薄以及小头畸形。

“寨卡病毒在小鼠胚胎脑中的复制速度非常快。”许执恒告诉《中国科学报》记者,“注射3天之后病毒量就增加了300多倍。”

科研人员通过全基因组表达谱分析,发现大量与免疫、小头畸形、寨卡病毒的潜在受体及细胞凋亡相关的基因出现了明显异常。“这也是科学家首次拿到直接的证据,证明寨卡病毒和小头畸形的关系。”秦成峰说。

科研人员不但采用国际上类似研究将病毒注入怀孕母鼠腹腔的做法,而且进一步选择使用纤维针穿过孕鼠子宫,直接将病毒精确注入胚胎鼠直径不到1毫米的脑腔中。

“这对技术的要求非常高。”许执恒坦言,为此研究团队一直在摸索条件,他们从怀孕第十天的母鼠开始尝试,最终在孕期11天的母鼠上成功实现了胚胎脑直接注射。“我们发现,怀孕早期感染这种病毒会导致母鼠流产,后期感染病毒则会导致出生的小鼠小头畸形。”

2015年以来,寨卡病毒在南美洲暴发,并在全球范围内播散蔓延,我国也已发现多例寨卡病毒感染病人。今年初,中科院院士高福在中科院内组织了一支由20多个研究室组成的联合攻关团队,许执恒即在其列。3月初,秦成峰团队在国内首次从血液中分离出寨卡病毒,双方合作在两个多月时间内取得了这一重要进展。

与之前相对温和的病情相比,2015年至今的疫情暴发危害性大大增加。从2015年3月到今年3月,当寨卡病毒在巴西暴发时,巴西有6000多名患有小头畸形症的婴儿出生,比往年高出20倍,而他们的母亲大多数感染了寨卡病毒。目前,全世界众多研究所都在争分夺秒地进行研究,试图确认婴儿小头畸形和孕妇感染寨卡病毒的直接关联。

小头畸形是一种罕见疾病,胎儿在子宫内或者婴儿期大脑发育异常,从而导致头部明显变小。患病婴儿在生长发育过程中,大脑发育明显异常,智力发育显著迟缓,有的患儿还会出现癫痫、运动障碍、语言障碍及行为异常等。

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    2016-05-16 吴教授

    希望我国科研更上一层楼,用实力说话,不只是一味地抄袭、仿制。

    0

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    2016-05-14 wushaoling
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