Microbiome:深圳先进院首次揭示肠道噬菌体组与 II 型糖尿病的相关性

2018-02-08 佚名 深圳先进技术研究院

近日,中国科学院深圳先进技术研究院合成生物学研究所(筹)研究团队,在人体微生物组研究领域取得进展,相关研究成果以 A Human Gut Phage Catalog correlates the Gut Phageome with Type 2 Diabetes 为题,发表在 Microbiome(《微生物组》)上,该研究首次证实了人体肠道噬菌体组和糖尿病的关联性。

近日,中国科学院深圳先进技术研究院合成生物学研究所(筹)研究团队,在人体微生物组研究领域取得进展,相关研究成果以 A Human Gut Phage Catalog correlates the Gut Phageome with Type 2 Diabetes 为题,发表在 Microbiome(《微生物组》)上,该研究首次证实了人体肠道噬菌体组和糖尿病的关联性。

噬菌体是一类专一感染细菌的病毒,是地球上数量最高的生物体。它是人体肠道微生物组的重要组成部分,人体肠道内每克粪便含有的病毒颗粒物含量至少 109 个。肠道噬菌体的种类丰富、数量巨大,通过塑造肠道菌群结构,影响人体健康。目前人们对噬菌体的认识非常匮乏,噬菌体的繁殖严格依赖宿主菌,当前绝大多数肠道细菌和环境细菌难以获得纯培养。

研究人员首次利用已有的人体肠道微生物大数据,开发一系列生物信息学方法,挖掘其中的噬菌体基因组序列,鉴定大量的全新肠道噬菌体,揭示肠道噬菌体组的多样性和新颖性。通过对这些噬菌体基因组序列的分析,科研人员发现这些噬菌体携带大量的功能基因,这些基因和宿主细菌在肠道环境中的生存适应性相关。

研究显示,糖尿病患者的肠道细菌菌群组成变化和糖尿病有显着的相关性。由于噬菌体 - 细菌之间是捕食者 - 被捕食者的关系,通常认为糖尿病人肠道菌群的变化会影响噬菌体的组成差异。但科研人员首次发现肠道噬菌体的数量在糖尿病患者肠道中的数量显着高于对照组,经过进一步分析发现,肠道细菌和噬菌体之间存在复杂的关系网络,细菌与噬菌体之间不是简单的“此消彼长”的关系。这一研究工作与近日其他实验室发表在 Cell 上的工作,均暗示噬菌体 - 细菌 - 宿主两两之间存在着相互作用,这种关系或影响人体健康。解析这些关系将是该领域的研究热点,合成生物学将为研究和利用这些关系提供新视角。

噬菌体被发现伊始便成为遗传学和分子生物学上乃至合成生物学研究中重要的模式生物,世界上第一个合成生物体就是噬菌体。同时,噬菌体作为细菌的天敌,2014 年被美国国立卫生研究院列为对抗耐药菌武器之一。该研究提供了丰富的肠道噬菌体的信息,使科研人员可以通过合成生物学的方法改造肠道噬菌体,并为应用噬菌体干预肠道菌群预防和治疗某些疾病提供了依据。

研究工作获得了国家自然科学基金、国家重点基础研究发展计划(973 计划)、国家高技术研究发展计划(863 计划)、深圳市基础研究学科布局以及深圳市孔雀团队等的资助。

原始出处:

Yingfei Ma, Xiaoyan You, Guoqin Mai, et al. A human gut phage catalog correlates the gut phageome with type 2 diabetes. Microbiome 2018.

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    2018-11-25 pyaili
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    2018-03-03 sunylz
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    2018-08-19 xjy02
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