摄入蛋白质后,出现呕吐、腹泻、昏迷、无力……全球报道仅200例的罕见病终确诊

2022-09-10 文汇网 文汇网

不明原因腹泻、呕吐,持续半年,皮下脂肪消耗殆尽,虚弱得不能下床,几乎变成“纸片人”!5岁男孩承承(化名)患上“怪病”,多地辗转求医不得其因。

不明原因腹泻、呕吐,持续半年,皮下脂肪消耗殆尽,虚弱得不能下床,几乎变成“纸片人”!5岁男孩承承(化名)患上“怪病”,多地辗转求医不得其因。专家组对照症状查找了上百种罕见疾病,抽丝剥茧终于确诊。

原来,承承患上的是一种名为赖氨酸尿蛋白不耐受症的罕见病,因基因突变,摄入蛋白质后,会出现呕吐、腹泻、昏迷、无力等症状。找到病因对症治疗后,承承的病情目前已逐渐稳定,身体状况开始恢复。

小男孩惹上“怪病”,辗转求医不能确诊

5岁的承承从小是一个身体健康、活泼开朗的孩子,但自从添加辅食后,承承的妈妈发现他只爱吃主食和蔬菜,不愿意碰鱼、肉、蛋、奶等荤菜,但看他长得白白胖胖,爸爸妈妈也就顺从了他的心意。

自从3周岁进了幼儿园,老师尽力帮助承承改掉了挑食的坏习惯,但承承似乎反而有些消瘦下来了。

起初,大人们都没过于担心,因为家里除了爱他的父母以外,还添了小弟弟,他很爱自己的弟弟,常陪他一起玩耍、一起拍照片和视频,记录他们在一起的快乐时光。谁也没想到一场突如其来的疾病即将打乱这家人的幸福生活。

数月前,承承出现发热症状,同时伴有腹胀、呕吐,精神变差,并出现嗜睡症状,到当地儿童医院诊治后,医生考虑承承患上了肠梗阻,进行了手术治疗,但并没有缓解承承的症状。

术后,承承仍然有频繁呕吐、腹泻,并出现了顽固低钠血症,需长期补钠来维持电解质平衡。

为进一步查明原因,治疗疾病,承承一家人先后辗转福州、广州、北京等医院,胃肠镜检查和各项感染性指标的排查并没能给小承承的症状一个明确的病因诊断。

胖娃娃变成“纸片人”,所做检查数不胜数

多地辗转就医期间,承承反反复复出现高热、腹泻和低钠血症,原本的胖娃娃瘦成了营养不良的孩子,单薄的像“纸片人”,两根手臂布满了密密麻麻的针眼,多次住院所做的检查数不胜数,这些报告单和化验单早已和书本一样厚重,医生们能想到的各种检查化验,甚至PET-CT、血尿串联质谱、基因检测等都已经完善,可承承的病因依然不明确。

5岁多的孩子正是享受快乐童年、肆意玩耍的时候,承承却经历了太多磨难。年幼而懂事的他很少抱怨抽血的痛苦,他知道家里人为他付出了很多,父母为了他放下了手中的所有工作,连年幼的弟弟也不得不交给其他家人去照顾。

承承的妈妈,原本非常乐观,但因为担忧承承的病也常皱起眉头,在夜里默默叹息哭泣。承承的父亲到处打听名医的同时,还要扛起一家人生活支出的压力。

小承承一家一度陷入绝望,他们不明白为何一个原本健健康康的孩子在短短几个月内突然就病重至此,甚至多处求医也没能关于病因的正确答案。

对照上百种罕见病,柳暗花明查到病因

几近崩溃之下,一家人怀着最后一丝期待来到上海新华医院求诊。承承被收入儿消化科后,医生们便开始了积极的治疗,给足营养支持,并积极维持电解质平衡,但承承仍存在顽固的腹泻症状。

入院后数天,承承出现血尿、蛋白尿,这一全新的症状需要肾脏专科医师介入治疗,当他转入儿肾脏风湿免疫科时,承承已经反复腹泻、呕吐、间断发热、顽固低钠血症达6个多月了,皮下脂肪近乎消耗殆尽,虚弱得几乎不能下床活动。

难道是Senior Loken综合征?这是一种同时累及肾小管肾实质和视网膜的疾病,由于小承承同时存在肾脏病变和双侧瞳孔不等大,小承承的父母又重新燃起了确诊的希望。

冒着巨大的风险,承承接受了肾穿刺活检,术后的病理汇报考虑他存在IgA肾病,一种原发性肾小球疾病,是我国最常见的慢性肾炎类型,但显然这并不是小承承一切痛苦的根源。

眼科传来的消息也否定了Senior Loken综合征的可能,一切又退回到了起点。

小承承的主治医生董瑜博士陷入了疑惑和思索。专家组卫敏江主任、郭桂梅主任和吴伟岚主任每天反反复复了解病情,更新化验结果及病情进展,面对着一轮轮反复发作的高热、腹泻、低钠血症、肾脏病变、神经系统累及,考虑单个系统的疾病绝不能解释他复杂的病情,究竟是什么让小承承缠绵病榻呢?

儿肾脏风湿免疫科的医师们在不断地思索、讨论、查找文献和互相印证中,终于找到了一点线索——

查找了上百种罕见疾病的临床表现,并与承承的病情对比分析后考虑病因可能是一种名为“赖氨酸尿蛋白不耐受症”的罕见基因病。通过分子生物学技术检测,证实他确实存在特定基因表达异常,专家给予了小承承与这种罕见病相对应的治疗方案,如补充赖氨酸、瓜氨酸等。

让人惊喜的情况出现了,承承的病情得到了明显的改善。

全球报道仅两百例,终身治疗病情可控

专家介绍,赖氨酸尿蛋白不耐受症(LPI)是一种极其罕见的遗传代谢病,呈常染色体隐性遗传,由基因突变造成,截至目前全球有报道的相关病例仅约200例。患者在摄入含赖氨酸、鸟氨酸、精氨酸等氨基酸的蛋白质后,出现呕吐、腹泻、喂养困难、昏迷、发育停滞、无力等症状。

赖氨酸尿蛋白不耐受症属于终身疾病,尚不能治愈,需要长期持续性治疗,其主要是通过瓜氨酸替代治疗,或者使用糖皮质激素、活性维生素D,以及静注精氨酸等进行治疗,同时通过饮食调节缓解症状,一般无需手术治疗,但一般不会影响自然寿命。

明确病因后,承承的康复之路就有了希望。在医务人员的积极治疗之下,小承承的病情已有所好转,身体状况也逐渐转好,病情得到控制,小承承和他的家人也渐渐回归正常生活。

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    2022-09-11 xulv123

    认真学习~~

    0

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    2022-09-10 yangchou

    好文章,谢谢分享。

    0

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    2022-02-24 wgx307
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    2022-02-24 syscxl

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