Cancer Cell:癌症治疗应男女有别

2016-05-16 佚名 生物通

众所周知,男性和女性在癌症易感性、存活率和死亡率等方面存在差异,但一直以来对于分子水平上发生这种情况的确切原因却知之甚少。德克萨斯大学MD安德森癌症中心的一项研究通过调查13种癌症类型,在分子水平上认识了性别对不同癌症的影响。该研究揭示出与癌症发病率和死亡率相关的两个癌症类型群体,提出“迫切需要”对某些癌症开发出性别特异性的治疗策略。他们的研究结果发布在5月9日的《癌细胞》(Cancer Cell

众所周知,男性和女性在癌症易感性、存活率和死亡率等方面存在差异,但一直以来对于分子水平上发生这种情况的确切原因却知之甚少。

德克萨斯大学MD安德森癌症中心的一项研究通过调查13种癌症类型,在分子水平上认识了性别对不同癌症的影响。该研究揭示出与癌症发病率和死亡率相关的两个癌症类型群体,提出“迫切需要”对某些癌症开发出性别特异性的治疗策略。

他们的研究结果发布在5月9日的《癌细胞》(Cancer Cell)杂志上。

领导这一研究的是德克萨斯大学MD安德森癌症中心生物信息学和计算生物学助理教授梁涵(Han Liang,音译),其早年毕业于北京大学化学系,现在致力于推动认识这些很大程度上遭到忽视,却日益引人注意的遗传奇观。

2014年梁涵和他的研究小组完成了一项研究,生成了代表7种类型的癌症、2,808个癌症患者样本的假基因表达谱。他们分析了3780亿个RNA序列检测了接近1万个假基因的表达水平。结果表明,假基因表达分析研究或许可以发挥重要的作用,帮助医学专家发现一些新的生物标记物从而解释癌症的发生机制。研究结果发表在Nature Communications杂志上。

现在利用来自癌症基因组图谱的数据,梁涵的研究小组发现一半以上经研究与癌症治疗临床实践有关联的基因,在某些癌症类型中显示出性别偏倚标记。

梁涵说:“我们的研究帮助阐明了癌症中性别差异的分子基础,为未来开发出性别特异性的精准癌症药物奠定了至关重要的基础。这是一个重要的研究发现,因为当前许多癌症类型的男性和女性患者通常都是按相似方式接受治疗,没有明确地考虑他们的性别。”

梁涵研究小组全面分析了男女性患者之间的分子差异,揭示出与不同的发病率和死亡率概况相关的两个性别效应群体, 53%临床可操作基因显示性别偏倚标记。这些基因可为临床决定提供信息,可作为治疗靶点或生物标记物来帮助预测患者的生存或肿瘤反应。

在这项研究中,梁涵发现一组包含少量受性别影响的基因(弱效力群体),而另一组显示更大数量的性别偏倚分子标记(强效力群体)。梁涵说,当前的两性平等治疗可能适合于“弱效力”群体中的患者,而 “强效力”群体中的观察结果具有临床意义。

梁涵说:“就药物开发和实践来说,应对强性别效应群体给予特殊考虑。对于一个具有强性别偏倚标记物的治疗靶点,性别特异性的临床试验或许更有可能取得成功。由于一直以来未曾系统地调查过癌症预防与治疗性别差异这一基本问题,这一新信息至关重要。”

梁涵研究小组在患者群体中针对膀胱癌、结肠癌、肾癌、脑癌、直肠癌、甲状腺癌、肝癌、肺脏和急性髓性白血病等各种癌症分性别分析了30个或以上的样本的数据。他们寻找了包括体细胞突变、拷贝变异、蛋白质和基因表达及DNA甲基化在内的特殊分子数据。这项研究控制了诸如种群、年龄、疾病阶段、抽烟状况和肿瘤纯度等其他的因素。

梁涵说:“有趣的是,我们的分析结果还表明,性别偏倚可能在肿瘤形成过程中被放大。然而在这一早期阶段应该谨慎地解读观察结果,还需要进一步的研究努力来确定其他因素,包括肿瘤发生、性染色体和激素的相对贡献。”

肝癌是一种预后很差的常见恶性肿瘤。我国是肝癌高发国家,每年约有11万人死于这种疾病。肝细胞癌(HCC)是原发性肝癌的主要类型, 也是恶性程度最高的肿瘤之一。众所周知,男性比女性更容易患上HCC,但科学家们一直不清楚其中的原因。第二军医大学的研究团队最近在Oncogene杂志发表文章指出,HCC性别差异与长非编码RNA FTX(lnc-FTX)有关。

一项新研究表明,我们体内的器官或许也有自己的性身份。我们的器官有可能也分“男女”,这一观点由此向我们提出了一种可能:女性和男性或许需要接受不同的治疗。这些研究发现还阐明了某些癌症在女性中更为常见,而另一些在男性中更为常见的原因。这项发表研究在2016年2月17日的Nature杂志上。

原始出处

Yuan Yuan8, Lingxiang Liu8, Hu Chen, Yumeng Wang, Yanxun Xu, Huzhang Mao, Jun Li, Gordon B. Mills, Yongqian Shu, Liang Li, Han Liangcorrespondenceemail.Comprehensive Characterization of Molecular Differences in Cancer between Male and Female Patients.Cancer Cell.2016

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    2017-04-30 维他命
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    2016-09-30 1e10c84am36(暂无匿称)

    拜读,好文

    0

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    2016-05-16 jasonuclear

    值得思考

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