柳叶刀:有效率达95%的COVID-19疫苗能为英国带来1000亿英镑的净值

2021-03-24 DY MedSci原创

根据发表在《柳叶刀传染病》上的新研究显示,安全且能够达到95%有效率的COVID-19疫苗,若能对疾病和感染提供三年保护,可以为英国创造1000亿英镑的净值。

根据发表在柳叶刀传染病》上的新研究显示,安全且能够达到95%有效率的COVID-19疫苗,若能对疾病和感染提供三年保护,可以为英国创造1000亿英镑的净值。

这项研究是第一个对疾病传播和经济影响进行建模的模型,目的是为疫苗接种后时代可能出现的未来情况提供广泛的见解。它表明,安全有效的COVID-19疫苗可避免物理距离,从而挽救生命,降低卫生部门的成本以及对国民经济的影响。

建模研究由伦敦卫生与热带医学学院(LSHTM)和英国公共卫生部(PHE)的研究人员进行。该研究表明,各国政府为研发SARS-CoV-2疫苗所做的巨额投资是值得的,应以空前的速度加速候选疫苗的开发。而决定疫苗价值的关键因素是人们自然感染后免疫的时间长短以及疫苗的价格。

据估计,即使一种疫苗只能预防50%的症状性病例,且保护时间短,可持续45周,也可能值得花钱开发、购买和分发,但单靠它本身并不能防止定期的大规模爆发。

在疫苗对感染部分有效的中间情况下,也有望持续传播,类似于今天在英国使用的某些疫苗的3期临床试验中报道的情况。

研究高级作者Mark Jit教授说:“模型显示了COVID-19疫苗对健康的影响。但是我们知道,政府在做出决策时还必须考虑经济因素。我们的新研究着眼于疫苗对与健康相关的生活质量、净卫生成本和更广泛的经济的影响。”

该研究对最佳情况到最坏情况的疫苗接种情景以及政府强制性和自愿性物理疏散的一系列情景进行了建模。每天当新的COVID-19病例数超过某个阈值时,就会触发增加的物理距离。更广泛的经济影响使用过去英国国内生产总值(GDP)数据的简单预测来估计英国10年内的经济健康状况,以提供一般的见解而不是精确的预测。

与大多数其他COVID-19模型相比,该研究采用了一种新颖的方法,不仅考虑了死亡问题,还考虑了有症状病例的经济影响和生活质量。此外,该研究还探讨了在没有可用疫苗时(例如2020年英国的情况)进行物理疏远措施的价值。

Jit教授说:"这场大流行中,疫苗的研发速度前所未有。为支持这些拯救生命的干预措施而进行的投资是巨大的。我们的结果突出表明,这笔费用是值得的,将使英国现在和未来受益。"

新南威尔士大学的Raina MacIntyre教授没有直接参与这项研究,他评论说:"在中间和最糟糕的情况下,COVID-19的健康和经济负担造成了高疾病负担和持续的物理距离措施的高经济成本的双重劣势。虽然我们还不知道是否有可能实现群体免疫,但只有使用高效力疫苗(至少80-90%对所有感染)才有可能实现,特别是如果儿童也能接种疫苗。Sandmann及其同事的研究提供了一条合理的途径,旨在实现最佳的健康和经济方案。"

未来还有更多的挑战,值得关注的新变种可能会逃避免疫反应,而疫苗需要与这些新出现的变种相匹配。疫苗的价值还将取决于其他社会经济和健康相关的政策和人口行为,这强调了实现高疫苗接种率的重要性。

原始出处:

Frank G Sandmann, Nicholas G DaviesAnna Vassall, W John Edmunds, Mark Jit, on behalf of the Centre for the Mathematical Modelling of Infectious Diseases COVID-19 working group. The potential health and economic value of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination alongside physical distancing in the UK: a transmission model-based future scenario analysis and economic evaluation. Lancet Infectious Diseases. DOI: 10.1016/S1473-3099(21)00079-7

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    2021-11-24 29776319

    学习了

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    2021-05-19 ms1000002062941825

    赚积分开开来啦!!!

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    2021-03-26 许公子

    学习了

    0

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    2021-03-25 二猫

    涨姿势

    0

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    2021-03-24 ms2000001051330459

    学习了,涨知识了!

    0

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