Diabetes:干细胞研究揭示糖尿病β细胞衰竭可能与内质网应激有关

2013-11-18 佚名 生物通

来自纽约干细胞基金会(NYSCF)的科学家生产出来自一种罕见类型糖尿病——Wolfram综合症——的患者皮肤样本中的诱导性多能干细胞(iPS)。然后,他们从这些iPS细胞中得到了胰岛素产生细胞(β细胞),构建了人糖尿病的体外模型。接下来,他们指出,由于蛋白质折叠——或者内质网(ER)——应激,β细胞不能正常分泌胰岛素。他们发现一种化学药品——4苯基丁酸,能解除这种应激,阻止

来自纽约干细胞基金会(NYSCF)的科学家生产出来自一种罕见类型糖尿病——Wolfram综合症——的患者皮肤样本中的诱导性多能干细胞(iPS)。然后,他们从这些iPS细胞中得到了胰岛素产生细胞(β细胞),构建了人糖尿病的体外模型。接下来,他们指出,由于蛋白质折叠——或者内质网(ER)——应激,β细胞不能正常分泌胰岛素。他们发现一种化学药品——4苯基丁酸,能解除这种应激,阻止细胞衰竭,为临床干预提供了潜在的目标。

NYSCF的高级研究人员、NYSCF-罗伯森干细胞研究者、本研究的主要负责人Dieter Egli博士说:“这些细胞代表一个重要的机制,这种机制能引起糖尿病中β细胞的衰竭。这个人iPS细胞模型代表了在这种使人衰弱的疾病的研究和新疗法发展中迈出的重要一步。”

Wolfram综合症是一种罕见的、经常致命的遗传性疾病,以胰岛素依赖性糖尿病的发展、视力丧失和耳聋为特征。因为各种各样的糖尿病最终都是提供足够的胰岛素应对血糖浓度的胰岛β细胞功能失常的结果,Wolfram病人的干细胞模型能够使我们分析,在更常见的糖尿病中引起β细胞衰竭的一个特殊路径。也能检测可能适用于所有类型糖尿病的恢复β细胞功能的治疗策略。

纽约干细胞基金会的首席执行官和共同创立者Susan L. Solomon说,“利用干细胞技术,我们能够研究一种破坏性的状态,以更好的理解是什么引起了糖尿病症状,也会发现可能的新的药物靶点”。

“这篇报道再一次强调了罕见人类疾病的紧密检测,用作阐明更普遍疾病的方法的实用性,”论文的共同作者、糖尿病研究的Christopher J. Murphy教授和哥伦比亚大学医学中心(CUMC)Naomi Berrie糖尿病中心的联合主任、医学博士Rudolph L. Leibel称。“我们利用干细胞技术在Wolfram综合症病人的皮肤细胞上产生功能性的‘胰岛素产生细胞’的这种能力,能够帮助我们揭示ER应激在糖尿病发病机制种的作用。减少这种应激的药物的使用,在糖尿病干预和治疗中被证实是有用的。”

来自Naomi Berrie糖尿病中心的临床医生征募了Wolfram综合症病人都捐献一个皮肤样本。所有的Wolfram病人都有儿童期糖尿病,需要胰岛素注射治疗,他们都表现出视力丧失。另外的细胞系从Coriell医学研究所获得。NYSCF的研究者将皮肤细胞“再次设定程序”,或者恢复到一个类似胚胎的状态,变成iPS细胞。从一个健康人产生的一个iPS细胞系被用作一个正常对照。

研究者将iPS细胞从Wolfram患者中分化出来,控制它们进入β细胞中,这个复杂的过程为期几个星期。他们在免疫妥协的小鼠肾包膜下,植入了Wolfram和控制iPS细胞来源的β细胞。来自Wolfram患者的β细胞,在培养皿中产生了更少的胰岛素,在具有高血糖水平的小鼠的血液中分泌了更少的胰岛素。

一个重要发现是,这些β细胞显示出ER应激的提高的标记。采用4苯基丁酸治疗,降低了ER应激和增加了β细胞产生的胰岛素数量,因此增加了应对葡萄糖的胰岛素的分泌能力。

在小鼠中的直接证据,同样也是具有1型和2型糖尿病人中的旁证,强调了ER应激应对机制在胰岛素产生β细胞的生存中的作用。ER应激应对机制不仅对抗1型糖尿病中的免疫攻击应激,也对抗在两种类型糖尿病中高血糖的代谢应激。当ER应激反应失败时,细胞发生死亡,潜在地减少胰岛素产生细胞的数量。

原文出处:

Shang L, Hua H, Foo K, Martinez H, Watanabe K, Zimmer M, Kahler DJ, Freeby M, Chung W, Leduc C, Goland R, Leibel RL, Egli D.Beta cell dysfunction due to increased ER stress in a stem cell model of Wolfram syndrome.Diabetes. 2013 Nov 13.

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