内镜下鉴别诊断咽部病变的良恶性

2019-03-23 扫地僧一听 扫地僧一听

目前食管早癌的内镜诊断策略是基于对黏膜色泽、形态、分支血管网、IPCL(扩张dilatation、扭曲tortuosity、管径caliber、形态shape、分布distribution等)等的观察。至于什么是IPCL及相应的井上分类及AB分类这里将不再赘述,有兴趣的同学自行查阅。

前言:

目前食管早癌的内镜诊断策略是基于对黏膜色泽、形态、分支血管网、IPCL(扩张dilatation、扭曲tortuosity、管径caliber、形态shape、分布distribution等)等的观察。至于什么是IPCL及相应的井上分类及AB分类这里将不再赘述,有兴趣的同学自行查阅。



Slaughter提倡field cancerization的概念,即指长期的饮酒、吸烟可作为共同的诱癌通道,引发多区域癌发生的现象。特别是食管与口咽部黏膜上皮多灶的异型上皮或鳞癌的发生值得关注。头颈部黏膜,如咽部黏膜与食管黏膜同为鳞状上皮,有数据显示食管鳞癌与咽部鳞癌的合并发生率约为8%~10%,故可考虑将食管早癌的内镜诊断策略应用于咽部肿瘤。



Muto在2004年提出NBI-ME下褐色区域可能为早期浅表型头颈部鳞癌的表现。但咽部基底细胞增生(BCH)在NBI-ME下同样也呈现褐色改变。一项小型回顾性研究将食管早癌对IPCL的观察方法应用到咽部早癌与BCH的鉴别诊断中。(其研究过程见附录)

研究发现:

1. NBI-ME下咽部BCH的典型表现为:病变区域中IPCL分布规律,IPCL的典型形态为2~4个loop构成的“套索样”毛细血管

2. BCH与咽部早癌的鉴别要点如下表与图所示:病变大小、IPCL间黏膜透明度、IPCL的分布、IPCL的形态。

3. BCH与咽部鳞癌在NBI-ME下均有病变边界清晰、IPCL扩张、IPCL扭曲这三类表现。

4. BCH与咽部鳞癌的典型照片如下图所示。

咽部基底细胞增生与鳞癌的鉴别要点图表







-------小结图表------





BCH与咽部鳞癌的典型病例对照 



基底细胞增生(BCH)及头颈部鳞状细胞癌(HNSCC)的NBI及病理表现:

(a)不放大的BCH(箭头)的NBI视图。
(b)放大后的BCH NBI视图。
(c)BCH的病理结果。扩张的IPCL周围区域可见基底细胞增生,表面细胞的成熟得以保留。
(d)图(c)中IPCL周围的区域扩大。
(e)放大后的HNSCC的NBI视图。
(f)HNSCC的病理表现,即整个上皮层被非典型细胞占据。

该研究提示内镜医师在咽部发现NBI下呈褐色、边界清晰、IPCL扭曲扩张的病变时,需同时考虑恶性与良性病变如BCH的可能。通过观察病变大小、IPCL分布及形态、IPCL间黏膜的透明度可为鉴别诊断提供依据,减少不必要的活检。

推荐口咽部观察筛查流程:
(此内镜图由冠县中心医院李博医师提供)



针对口咽部病变的逐步放大观察: 



思考:

本研究发表于Cancer science杂志,属于“快速移植型”研究,其思路为将某个疾病中成熟的技术与研究方案快速应用于相似疾病的研究中。

效仿参考此种文章实例我们可以思考如何短平快地发表内镜SCI。

附录:

以下为本研究的课题设计与原始结果:

病例:

回顾搜集病理证实的26例咽部BCH、37例咽部鳞癌的NBI-ME照片

方法:

评估每个病例的部位、大体形态、大小、边界、黏膜透明度、IPCL(dilatation, tortuosity, shapes and distribution),将上述数据进行分类。

统计分析:

SPSS进行卡方检验或Fisher法,比较两组数据各项指标的差异是否有统计学意义。

结果:




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参考文献:


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    2019-08-31 jyzxjiangqin

    内镜下鉴别诊断咽部病变。

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    2019-08-15 jyzxjiangqin

    内镜下鉴别诊断咽部病变。

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    2019-07-30 jyzxjiangqin

    内镜下鉴别诊断咽部病变。

    0

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    2019-07-25 jyzxjiangqin

    内镜下鉴别诊断咽部病变。

    0

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    2019-07-10 jyzxjiangqin

    内镜下鉴别诊断咽部病。

    0

  6. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=372068, encodeId=d1ad3e206883, content=内镜下鉴别诊断咽部病变。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=86, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160806/IMG57A5698BDB0244113.jpg, createdBy=32a91358059, createdName=jyzxjiangqin, createdTime=Sat Aug 31 15:57:09 CST 2019, time=2019-08-31, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=371314, encodeId=9be13e13140f, content=内镜下鉴别诊断咽部病变。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=89, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160806/IMG57A5698BDB0244113.jpg, createdBy=32a91358059, createdName=jyzxjiangqin, createdTime=Thu Aug 15 20:10:06 CST 2019, time=2019-08-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=370512, encodeId=41af3e0512f2, content=内镜下鉴别诊断咽部病变。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=78, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160806/IMG57A5698BDB0244113.jpg, createdBy=32a91358059, createdName=jyzxjiangqin, createdTime=Tue Jul 30 18:07:06 CST 2019, time=2019-07-30, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=370244, encodeId=17663e024409, content=内镜下鉴别诊断咽部病变。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=81, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160806/IMG57A5698BDB0244113.jpg, createdBy=32a91358059, createdName=jyzxjiangqin, createdTime=Thu Jul 25 14:27:26 CST 2019, time=2019-07-25, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=369427, encodeId=a4e236942e1d, content=内镜下鉴别诊断咽部病。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=91, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160806/IMG57A5698BDB0244113.jpg, createdBy=32a91358059, createdName=jyzxjiangqin, createdTime=Wed Jul 10 21:19:22 CST 2019, time=2019-07-10, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=364269, encodeId=f45636426977, content=内镜下鉴别诊断咽部病变。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=33, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160806/IMG57A5698BDB0244113.jpg, createdBy=32a91358059, createdName=jyzxjiangqin, createdTime=Sun Apr 07 19:36:32 CST 2019, time=2019-04-07, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1262072, encodeId=e97412620e29e, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=0ceb30545e0' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#内镜#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=29, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=30545, encryptionId=0ceb30545e0, topicName=内镜)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c30265, createdName=jiafufeng@yaho, createdTime=Mon Mar 25 11:28:00 CST 2019, time=2019-03-25, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1506947, encodeId=b50f150694e4e, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=a66b9624e0c' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#鉴别诊断#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=41, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=96247, encryptionId=a66b9624e0c, topicName=鉴别诊断)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=77179846395, createdName=Homburg, createdTime=Mon Mar 25 11:28:00 CST 2019, time=2019-03-25, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2019-04-07 jyzxjiangqin

    内镜下鉴别诊断咽部病变。

    0

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