Nat Chemistry:N-肉豆蔻酰基转移酶——抗疟药物作用新靶点

2013-12-26 王英 生物通

日前,科学家们发现一种方法,能够阻止疟疾寄生虫的繁殖,向疟疾新疗法迈出了重要的一步。这项研究成果,发表在12月22日的Nature Chemistry杂志上。研究人员发现,阻断最常见的疟原虫中的一种NMT酶(N-Myristoyltransferase,N-肉豆蔻酰基转移酶)的活性,能够防止小鼠表现疟疾症状,并延长它们的寿命。研究团队正在致力于设计能够更好地靶定NMT的分子,并有望在

日前,科学家们发现一种方法,能够阻止疟疾寄生虫的繁殖,向疟疾新疗法迈出了重要的一步。这项研究成果,发表在12月22日的Nature Chemistry杂志上。研究人员发现,阻断最常见的疟原虫中的一种NMT酶(N-Myristoyltransferase,N-肉豆蔻酰基转移酶)的活性,能够防止小鼠表现疟疾症状,并延长它们的寿命。研究团队正在致力于设计能够更好地靶定NMT的分子,并有望在四年之内开始潜在疗法的临床试验。【原文下载】

最近的一项研究估计,在2010年,约有120万人死于疟疾。虽然目前有各种抗疟药可用,但是一些寄生虫株是耐治疗的。随着多种一线抗疟药物治疗失败的报道,这些寄生虫株也变得越来越常见。即使急性病被治愈,寄生虫还能在血液中保持休眠状态,会在后来导致疾病的发生。疟疾疫苗一直都在集中研究,但是还没有被引入到临床实践中。

这项新的研究表明,NMT参与寄生虫细胞内许多各种不同的基本过程,包括两种蛋白的生产:使疟疾在人类和蚊子之间传播的蛋白和使疟疾导致长期感染的蛋白。

研究人员检测了少数分子,这些分子能够阻断生活在人类红血细胞和小鼠体内的寄生虫中的NMT活性。研究结果表明,选择性地抑制NMT,能够导致内膜复合体(在寄生虫生活史中一种关键的亚细胞器官)组装的毁灭性和不可逆性失败。但是在这种治疗可以在人体中进行测试之前,还需要进一步的细化。然而,这项研究还是为靶定NMT的新抗疟疗法的发展,提供了理论依据。

英国伦敦帝国理工学院化学系的Ed Tate博士带领了这项研究,他说:“目前,疟疾治疗药物的状况正变得非常严重。对当前抗疟药物的耐药性正在快速出现,这将是未来的一个巨大问题。”

“在疟疾中,寻找一种可被有效靶定的酶,可以说是一个很大的挑战。在这项研究中,我们不仅表明了为什么NMT对寄生虫的很多重要过程是必不可少的,而且我们还能设计阻断NMT在感染过程中起作用的分子。NMT具有如此多的功能,因此我们认为,阻断它,就能够有效地预防长期疾病及其传播(除了急性疟疾以外)。我们希望它不仅仅能在最常见的疟原虫——恶性疟原虫(Plasmodium falciparum)中起作用,而且也在其它寄生虫物种中一样起作用。”

“我们还需要在实验室中做更多的工作来寻找最佳的候选分子进入临床试验,但我们希望将会在几年之内为此做好准备。”

这一发现是由来自英国伦敦帝国理工学院、英国国家医学研究所、英国诺丁汉大学、约克大学和辉瑞制药的研究团队进行的一个五年项目的顶点,由英国国家医学研究委员会、工程和物理科学研究理事会和生物技术和生物科学研究委员会资助。

原文出处:

Megan H. Wright, Barbara Clough,Mark D. Rackham, Kaveri Rangachari, James A. Brannigan,Munira Grainger, David K. Moss, Andrew R. Bottrill, William P. Heal, Malgorzata Broncel,Remigiusz A. Serwa,Declan Brady, David J. Mann,Robin J. Leatherbarrow,Rita Tewari,Anthony J. Wilkinson,Anthony A. Holder& Edward W. Tate.Validation of N-myristoyltransferase as an antimalarial drug target using an integrated chemical biology approach.Nature Chemistry (2013) doi:10.1038/nchem.1830【原文下载】

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    2014-11-14 仁心济世
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