Cell Metab:大脑这一“开关”机制,影响肥胖

2017-08-03 佚名 生物探索

8月1日,Cell子刊《Cell Metabolism》发表一篇题为“A Hypothalamic Phosphatase Switch Coordinates Energy Expenditure with Feeding”,揭示了一种有望解决肥胖问题的关键机制:大脑中存在一个与摄取食物相关的能量消耗开关。

8月1日,Cell子刊《Cell Metabolism》发表一篇题为“A Hypothalamic Phosphatase Switch Coordinates Energy Expenditure with Feeding”,揭示了一种有望解决肥胖问题的关键机制:大脑中存在一个与摄取食物相关的能量消耗开关。

来自于莫纳什大学生物医学研究所的科学家们发现了,控制脂肪“褐变”的分子开关,解决了一个之前一直存在的难题,并为治疗肥胖问题提供了一个潜在的新目标。

1脂肪“褐变”

脂肪细胞可分为白色脂肪和褐色脂肪。其中,白色脂肪负责存储能量,它们的超载可导致肥胖及包括糖尿病的相关疾病。而褐色脂肪功能却相反,负责燃烧脂肪产生能量,从而保护身体不受寒冷、以及肥胖和糖尿病的影响。从白色脂肪到褐色脂肪的转变过程被称为“褐变”,是不少学者希望借此解决肥胖问题的关键。

2大脑开关:控制与饮食相关的能量代谢

研究人员发现下丘脑磷酸酶TCPTP活性与脂肪代谢有密切关系:当禁食时,TCPTP被激活,从而抑制大脑AgRP/NPY神经元的胰岛素信号,阻止白色脂肪的“褐变”,减少能量消耗。反过来,摄取食物会减少下丘脑的TCPTP酶活性,从而上调胰岛素信号,促进脂肪褐变,加快能量消耗。

研究人员表明,大脑通过脂肪“褐变”响应胰岛素水平、协调能量消耗的能力受一种类似于“开关”机制控制,禁食后这一开关会打开,从而抑制大脑对胰岛素的反应以及脂肪褐变,实现能量的存储,摄取食物后这一开关会关闭,从而促进脂肪褐变,加快能量的消耗。

这一大脑“开关机制”有助于能量存储和消耗的平衡,从而防止过度的体重增加或减轻。首席研究员Tony Tiganis表示:“对于肥胖人群而言,这一开关会一直处于‘打开’的状态,在进食过程中也不会关闭。这意味着,脂肪褐变过程被抑制,能量消耗一直在减少,所以当你继续补充食物时,会导致体重的增加。”

“肥胖是全球疾病负担的主要因素,导致人类总体预期寿命下降。” Tiganis教授表示,“我们的研究表明,大脑中存在一种基本机制,以确保能量在存储和消耗之间的平衡。一旦这一机制紊乱,会引发代谢问题。我们希望借助研究找到修复它的方法,从而帮助肥胖患者能量消耗,达到减肥的目标。”

原始出处:
Garron T. Dodd, Zane B. Andrews, Stephanie E. Simonds,et al.A Hypothalamic Phosphatase Switch Coordinates Energy Expenditure with Feeding.Cell Metabolism.Volume 26, Issue 2, p375–393.e7, 1 August 2017

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    2017-10-09 hb2008ye
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    2017-08-28 guojianrong
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    2017-12-14 一闲
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    2018-03-13 维他命
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    2017-08-03 1dd8c52fm63(暂无匿称)

    了解了解,继续关注

    0

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    2017-08-03 130****4638

    学习了谢谢分享

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