JAMA:高表达Toll样受体1或增加胃幽门螺旋杆菌易感性

2013-05-20 JAMA dxy

胃幽门螺旋杆菌感染是胃炎和胃十二指肠溃疡病的主要原因,并可致癌。在一些发展中国家,幽门螺旋杆菌的流行率高达90%,然而,剩下的10%即使暴露于胃幽门螺旋杆菌仍不会感染。人们假定,遗传因素决定了胃幽门螺旋杆菌的易感性。英国阿柏丁大学的El-Oma博士及其合作者进行了相关研究,旨在鉴定两个独立的基因人群队列中胃幽门螺旋杆菌血清阳性率相关的遗传位点,并通过全血RNA基因表达谱测定明确其病理生理学作用。他

胃幽门螺旋杆菌感染是胃炎和胃十二指肠溃疡病的主要原因,并可致癌。在一些发展中国家,幽门螺旋杆菌的流行率高达90%,然而,剩下的10%即使暴露于胃幽门螺旋杆菌仍不会感染。人们假定,遗传因素决定了胃幽门螺旋杆菌的易感性。英国阿柏丁大学的El-Oma博士及其合作者进行了相关研究,旨在鉴定两个独立的基因人群队列中胃幽门螺旋杆菌血清阳性率相关的遗传位点,并通过全血RNA基因表达谱测定明确其病理生理学作用。他们通过全基因组关联分析(GWAS)及荟萃分析,确认了Toll样受体(TLR)1与幽门螺杆菌(H.pylori)抗体血清学阳性率具有相关性,TLR1遗传变异或将有助于解释不同个体H.pylori感染风险的变化。论文在线发表于2013年最新一期的《美国医学会杂志》上。这是迄今首个也是最佳的GWAS研究。

研究者展开了两项独立的基因组范围相关研究(GWASs)和后续的meta分析,在SHIP研究和RS-I及RS-II研究中分析了抗H pylori IgG血清学特性,在RS-Ⅲ和SHIP-TREND人群研究中,研究者分析了全血RNA基因表达谱;在SHIP-TREND人群中,分析粪便H.pylori抗原。试验主要结局为胃幽门螺旋杆菌血清阳性率。

结果显示,在10938受试者中,6160(56.3%)例为H.pylori血清学阳性。GWAS研究最终确认,TLR基因座(4p14;rs10004195;OR 0.70)和FCGR2A基因座(1q23.3;rs368433;OR 0.73)与H.pylori血清学阳性率具有相关性。在位于4p14的3个TLR基因中,仅TLR1存在rs10004195-A次要等位基因每拷贝数差异表达(β=-0.23)。粪便H.pylori抗原滴度较高的个体同样表现为最高四分位TLR1表达。此外,TLR1在胞外域表现出与rs10004195 SNP密切关联的Asn248Ser替换。

研究者由此得出结论,GWAS荟萃分析鉴定了TLR1与胃幽门螺旋杆菌血清学阳性率之间的联系,这一发现需要在非白人种族研究中加以验证。如果得到证实,TLR1的遗传多样性或可有助于解释观察到的不同个体对胃幽门螺旋杆菌感染风险的差异。

随刊述评:

胃幽门螺旋杆菌感染仍有许多问题有待解答,例如,人与人间传播的准确机制仍不清楚,为何一些个体虽经充分感染暴露但却无细菌定植。此项研究提供了重要的新资料。概括而言,TLR1(一种先天免疫应答蛋白受体)低表达与H.pylori感染的防护相关,而高表达则与H.pylori血清学阳性及粪便抗原载量升高可能相关。基于这些发现,过多TLR1似乎是不利的,其增加了暴露后获得或感染持续的可能性,尽管具体机制尚不清楚。

TLR1是TLR2的辅助受体,二者形成异二聚体,可被来源于革兰阴性菌细胞壁的脂肽所识别。这一脂肽识别以及后续的免疫级联,可能形成一个抗炎环境,钝化宿主对病原体的炎症反应,以便利于细菌的定植。需要注意的是,此项研究仅评估了与H.pylori血清学阳性(当前或既往感染的证据)的相关性,未对定植或症状性疾病加以探讨。

在H.pylori感染研究中存在的一个问题是,对H.pylori的暴露未能被确认,尤其是在感染压力较低的西方人群中。因此,在德国或荷兰的H.pylori血清学阴性,可能是因为缺乏暴露而非真正的遗传防护。因而,在解释本研究结果时,必须谨慎。本研究的结果,不但需要在欧洲人群中加以验证,也需要在其他族裔中验证,特别是在亚洲、东欧和南美等胃癌高发人群。通过国际性多中心协作研究,进一步阐明H.pylori易感性的遗传学基础,也非常必要。

Identification of Genetic Loci Associated With Helicobacter pylori Serologic Status
Importance 
Helicobacter pylori is a major cause of gastritis and gastroduodenal ulcer disease and can cause cancer. H pylori prevalence is as high as 90% in some developing countries but 10% of a given population is never colonized, regardless of exposure. Genetic factors are hypothesized to confer H pylori susceptibility.
Objective 
To identify genetic loci associated with H pylori seroprevalence in 2 independent population-based cohorts and to determine their putative pathophysiological role by whole-blood RNA gene expression profiling.
Design, Setting, and Participants 
Two independent genome-wide association studies (GWASs) and a subsequent meta-analysis were conducted for anti-H pylori IgG serology in the Study of Health in Pomerania (SHIP) (recruitment, 1997-2001 [n  = 3830]) as well as the Rotterdam Study (RS-I) (recruitment, 1990-1993) and RS-II (recruitment, 2000-2001 [n = 7108]) populations. Whole-blood RNA gene expression profiles were analyzed in RS-III (recruitment, 2006-2008 [n = 762]) and SHIP-TREND (recruitment, 2008-2012 [n = 991]), and fecal H pylori antigen in SHIP-TREND (n = 961).
Main Outcomes and Measures 
H pylori seroprevalence.
Results 
Of 10 938 participants, 6160 (56.3%) were seropositive for H pylori. GWASs identified the toll-like receptor (TLR) locus (4p14; top-ranked single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), rs10004195; P = 1.4 × 10−18; odds ratio, 0.70 [95% CI, 0.65 to 0.76]) and the FCGR2A locus (1q23.3; top-ranked SNP, rs368433; P = 2.1 × 10−8; odds ratio, 0.73 [95% CI, 0.65 to 0.81]) as associated with H pylori seroprevalence. Among the 3 TLR genes at 4p14, only TLR1 was differentially expressed per copy number of the minor rs10004195-A allele (β = −0.23 [95% CI, −0.34 to −0.11]; P = 2.1 × 10−4). Individuals with high fecal H pylori antigen titers (optical density >1) also exhibited the highest 25% of TLR1 expression levels (P = .01 by χ2 test). Furthermore, TLR1 exhibited an Asn248Ser substitution in the extracellular domain strongly linked to the rs10004195 SNP.
Conclusions and Relevance 
GWAS meta-analysis identified an association between TLR1 and H pylori seroprevalence, a finding that requires replication in nonwhite populations. If confirmed, genetic variations in TLR1 may help explain some of the observed variation in individual risk for H pylori infection.

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