盘点:神经性疼痛近期重要研究进展汇总

2017-11-28 MedSci MedSci原创

神经性疼痛一直是困扰医学界的难题:发病机理不清楚,阿片类药物治疗效果不佳,患者非常痛苦。近年来随着分子生物学和电生理技术的发展,人们已逐渐深入地认识到神经性疼痛的复杂病理机制,并为治疗提供新的思路和方法。这里梅斯医学小编为您盘点有关神经性疼痛研究进展。【1】新的研究发现或可为神经性疼痛的治疗带来新的希望http://www.medsci.cn/article/show_article.do?i

神经性疼痛一直是困扰医学界的难题:发病机理不清楚,阿片类药物治疗效果不佳,患者非常痛苦。近年来随着分子生物学和电生理技术的发展,人们已逐渐深入地认识到神经性疼痛的复杂病理机制,并为治疗提供新的思路和方法。这里梅斯医学小编为您盘点有关神经性疼痛研究进展。

【1】新的研究发现或可为神经性疼痛的治疗带来新的希望


近期来自日本的一项新的研究表明,一种靶向LPCAT2的新的治疗或可有效对抗目前尚无法解决的疼痛,这项研究还揭示了血小板活化因子(PAF)的疼痛循环的存在,提示PAF受体拮抗剂可能发挥的作用。研究人员使用动物实验就行验证,将小鼠分为两组。第一组(LPCAT2-KO小鼠)破坏LPCAT2基因,LPCAT2通常编码合成PAF。另一组为正常小鼠。然后研究人员结扎两组小鼠坐骨神经结扎(PSL)诱导建立神经病理性疼痛模型。结果发现,PSL手术增加了WT小鼠的疼痛行为,但是在LPCAT2-KO小鼠中却并未出现。

【2】激活皮质生长抑素中间神经元可防止神经性疼痛的发展

神经病理性疼痛涉及疼痛路径的长期改变并最终导致大脑皮层活动异常。皮质电路是如何发生改变的并如何引起强烈的疼痛感觉?近日研究人员通过小鼠躯体感觉皮层神经痛模型研究了持续升高的V层锥体神经元活动对神经病理性疼痛的影响。研究发现,锥体神经元活动增强部分是由于顶端丛树突突触活动增加和NMDA受体依赖的钙峰值引起的。此外,局部抑制性中间神经元网络活动改变导致了锥体神经元过度活动:生长抑素表达和小白蛋白表达的抑制性神经元活性降低,相反血管活性肠肽-表达中间神经元活性增加。生长抑素表达细胞的药理学活性为减少锥体神经元细胞数并逆转反复的异常性疼痛。

【3】测序分析确定参与神经损伤后神经性疼痛ncRNA的脊髓表达谱


神经病理性疼痛(NP)是由神经系统的损伤引起的,导致痛觉异常,这与感觉通路中基因表达的变化有关。然而,其分子机制尚未完全理解。在这项研究中,研究人员进行了测序分析以探究坐骨神经损伤诱导的NP患者中脊髓ncRNA的表达模式。结果显示坐骨神经损伤(SNI)术后14天共有134个lncRNA,12个miRNAs,188个circRNAs和1066个mRNAs明显发生变化。接着,实时定量聚合酶链反应(PCR)验证选定的lncRNAs,miRNAs,circrnas和mRNA。使用生物信息学工具和数据库来发掘潜在的ncRNA功能和相互关系。结果数据表明,在SNI发病机制中的最重要参与途径是核糖体,PI3K-Akt信号通路、粘着、ECM受体相互作用、阿米巴病和蛋白质的消化和吸收。

【4】重复注射阿米替林可治疗神经性疼痛:调节去甲肾上腺素能的下行抑制系统

三环抗抑郁药阿米替林、5-羟色胺和去甲肾上腺素再摄取抑制剂度洛西汀和加巴沙星是用于治疗神经性疼痛的一线药物。这些药物的镇痛作用涉及脑干-脊髓下行去甲肾上腺素能系统。然而,并不清楚哪种阿米替林利用各种神经性疼痛镇痛机制中哪种是最重要的。在本研究中,研究人员探究了去甲肾上腺素能系统在这些药物治疗神经性疼痛中的作用,并检测了阿米替林是否能改变下行去甲肾上腺素能系统。结果显示,尽管抑制去甲肾上腺素能下行抑制系统,但每日注射5次阿米替林可产生抗神经痛的抗痛觉反应。阿米替林激活了SNL大鼠的LC神经元并增加了去甲肾上腺素能的密度。这些结果表明阿米替林仍然可以在下行去甲肾上腺素能系统的病理功能障碍下产生镇痛作用。阿米替林可增强药物对神经性疼痛的镇痛作用,但这需要正常的下行去甲肾上腺素能抑制作用以产生镇痛药,如5-羟色胺和去甲肾上腺素再摄取抑制剂和加巴沙星。

【5】研究揭示了CCAT1和SGK3在神经性疼痛中的关键作用

神经性疼痛是由躯体感觉神经系统的功能障碍或原发性损伤引起的。长链非编码RNAs(lncRNA)在神经性疼痛的发展中起重要作用。然而,lncRNA结肠癌相关转录物-1(CCAT1)在神经性疼痛中的作用目前尚未见报道。本研究中,研究人员发现bCCI大鼠脊髓背角、背根神经节(DRG)、海马和前扣带皮层(ACC)CCAT1的表达降低。进一步研究表明,lncRNA CCAT1降低了NGF分化的PC12细胞中miR-155的表达,增强了血清和糖皮质激素调节蛋白激酶3(SGK3)的表达。研究发现miR-155在bCCI损伤大鼠脊髓背角、DRG、海马和ACC中表达增加。但SGC3在bCCI损伤大鼠脊髓背角、DRG、海马和ACC中的表达下调。此外,lncRNA CCAT1过表达可以缓解疼痛阈值,抑制SGK3的表达可以挽救这一效应。

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    2017-11-29 戒馋,懒,贪

    谢谢分享学习了

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