BMJ:CT肺动脉造影技术导致肺血栓栓塞过度诊断

2013-07-18 霄雁 BMJ

7月3日,BMJ发文指出,尽管CT肺动脉造影技术提高了肺血栓栓塞的检出率,但这也造成过度诊断。在美国,尽管CT肺动脉造影技术使肺血栓栓塞的检出率提高了80%,但是对于相关死亡率并未造成太大改变。肺栓塞在临床上不易被诊断,是致死性最高的疾病之一。肺通气灌注扫描(VQ)曾是检测肺血栓栓塞的首选测试检查,但CT肺动脉造影的引进,使肺血栓栓塞的诊断率大大提高。然而,如前所述,美国资料显示,CT肺血管造影后

7月3日,BMJ发文指出,尽管CT肺动脉造影技术提高了肺血栓栓塞的检出率,但这也造成过度诊断。在美国,尽管CT肺动脉造影技术使肺血栓栓塞的检出率提高了80%,但是对于相关死亡率并未造成太大改变。

肺栓塞在临床上不易被诊断,是致死性最高的疾病之一。肺通气灌注扫描(VQ)曾是检测肺血栓栓塞的首选测试检查,但CT肺动脉造影的引进,使肺血栓栓塞的诊断率大大提高。然而,如前所述,美国资料显示,CT肺血管造影后,8年中病人肺栓塞发病率增加了80%,但相关死亡率变化很小(每100000由12.3变化为11.9),院内死亡下降三分之一(由12.1%到7.8%)。这提示CT肺血管造影检测到的额外栓子不是致命性的。资料同时显示抗凝治疗引起的并发症大幅增加,还包括诊断和治疗后病人的焦虑和恐惧。

本文作者强调通过疾病检出率和死亡率的趋势来分析“过度诊断”虽然有局限性,但这至少让我们意识到这一问题。而且很显然,临床上不能通过简单的减少诊断手段的应用来解决“过度诊断”。
研究人员建议临床检测(和后续治疗)要更有选择性,在适当的时候考虑替代测试,如VQ扫描和超声检测。尽管快速诊断和治疗可以挽救患者生命,但是,这些手段却是一把双刃剑:某些病人需要帮助,但同时某些病人因过度诊断和过度治疗而受到伤害。因此为提高对所有患者的治疗效果,我们应了解更多需要治疗的小血栓。

本文作者认为:临床医生不应将疾病的危险因素简单归类为某种疾病,同时医生也应做好患者的工作,使他们了解不同检测方法的风险及益处,以及不同治疗手段造成的后果。


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    2013-09-18 gaoxiaoe
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    2013-09-09 canlab
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