罕见病人能要孩子吗?深陷泥沼中的罕见病人的求子困局

2024-11-08 梅斯罕见新前沿 MedSci原创 发表于上海

罕见病种类多且不断新增,患者面临生育难题。辅助生殖技术和中医可提供帮助,做好遗传学检查重要。有生育需求家庭应检查计算风险。

目前,已知的罕见病已达7000多种,并且每年以250种的速度新增。罕见病人不仅面临有医无药,有药无医的困境,而且在面临病痛折磨的同时,罕见病人常常纠结的问题是:能不能要孩子、生出的孩子健不健康,这些问题如枷锁般伴随着罕见病人,尤其是女罕见病人的生活影响尤为明显。

我们知道,大多数的罕见病遗传变异导致的,罕见的神经系统遗传性疾病脊髓小脑性共济失调的发生率在10万分之一;阿拉杰里综合征的发生率在在10万分之一,肾上腺脑白质营养不良的发病率在2-5/10万之一。可以说,罕见病患者的家庭所面临的,不仅仅是有药难医,有医难药,甚至无特效治疗方法的难题,而且生育难题犹如一块巨石压在每一位罕见病患者的心头。

罕见病按照病因可分为常染色体显性遗传、常染色体隐性遗传、X染色体隐形遗传和替他因素如基因突变或者获得性因素如药物、感染、环境和其他遗传因素。其中,常染色体显性遗传的子女携带率大约为25%,常染色体隐性遗传率大约25%;X染色体隐形遗传率大约5女50%,儿子0%-其他非遗传因素(基因突变或者获得性因素如药物、感染、环境和其他因素)。这么高的携带率,很多罕见病人怕生不出健康的孩子而苦恼。在这种情况下,如何健康生育成了异常沉重的话题。我们该怎么办呢?

目前,辅助生殖技术,可以满足罕见病患者的生育愿望,根据《中国罕见病防治与保障事业发展》,提出将为有优生需求的罕见病高风险家庭提供胚胎植入前遗传学诊断技术服务。做好遗传学检查非常重要。中医方面也可以提供个性化治疗方案,例如肌营养不良症的中医治疗偏重扶正祛邪气,调和气血,针灸治疗。

再比如,阿拉杰里综合征(ALGS)是一个常染色体显性遗传综合征,生育策略应先做好携带者筛查、遗传咨询、生育指导。携带者筛查应做好ALGS患者家庭成员的婚前和孕前检查,是否存在基因变异,预防变异风险。如果父母双方患病的遗传可能性为75%;一方父母患病的遗传可能性为50%,应做好ALGS家族做好产前检查与辅助生殖。同时,阿拉杰里综合征家庭可以加入阿拉杰里天使宝贝关爱之家等罕见病组织寻求帮助。

总体来说,罕见病患者的生育难题犹如一个异常难理清的线团,如何解开,如何破解,仍需时日。有生育需求的罕见病家庭应做好相关检查,计算遗传风险后再决定是否求子。

参考文献:

[1] Wakap SN, Lambert DM, Olry A, et al. Estimating cumulative point prevalene of rare diseases: analysis of the Orphanet database [J]. European Journal of Human Genetics, 2020, 28:165-173.

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  1. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2236599, encodeId=6064223659965, content=有生育需求的罕见病家庭应做好相关检查,计算遗传风险后再决定是否求子。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=db489112955, createdName=ms5000000707039972, createdTime=Tue Nov 12 22:11:36 CST 2024, time=2024-11-12, status=1, ipAttribution=山东省), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2236598, encodeId=6631223659803, content=做好遗传学检查非常重要。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=db489112955, createdName=ms5000000707039972, createdTime=Tue Nov 12 22:11:05 CST 2024, time=2024-11-12, status=1, ipAttribution=山东省), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2235846, encodeId=a240223584681, content=遗传检测,优生优育, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=9, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=10924156358, createdName=13ca4c92m04暂无昵称, createdTime=Fri Nov 08 10:34:12 CST 2024, time=2024-11-08, status=1, ipAttribution=山东省), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2235789, encodeId=8dbd2235e893c, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=5a8be955621' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#罕见病#</a> <a href='/topic/show?id=5999936949f' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#辅助生殖#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=17, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=79556, encryptionId=5a8be955621, topicName=罕见病), TopicDto(id=93694, encryptionId=5999936949f, topicName=辅助生殖)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=cade5395722, createdName=梅斯管理员, createdTime=Thu Nov 07 23:54:15 CST 2024, time=2024-11-07, status=1, ipAttribution=上海), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2235817, encodeId=98e0223581edc, content=能生就生吧,不管结果,这是造物主的安排, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=8, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=36431584645, createdName=wwjxx, createdTime=Fri Nov 08 08:22:59 CST 2024, time=2024-11-08, status=1, ipAttribution=广东省)]
    2024-11-12 ms5000000707039972 来自山东省

    有生育需求的罕见病家庭应做好相关检查,计算遗传风险后再决定是否求子。

    0

  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2236599, encodeId=6064223659965, content=有生育需求的罕见病家庭应做好相关检查,计算遗传风险后再决定是否求子。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=db489112955, createdName=ms5000000707039972, createdTime=Tue Nov 12 22:11:36 CST 2024, time=2024-11-12, status=1, ipAttribution=山东省), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2236598, encodeId=6631223659803, content=做好遗传学检查非常重要。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=db489112955, createdName=ms5000000707039972, createdTime=Tue Nov 12 22:11:05 CST 2024, time=2024-11-12, status=1, ipAttribution=山东省), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2235846, encodeId=a240223584681, content=遗传检测,优生优育, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=9, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=10924156358, createdName=13ca4c92m04暂无昵称, createdTime=Fri Nov 08 10:34:12 CST 2024, time=2024-11-08, status=1, ipAttribution=山东省), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2235789, encodeId=8dbd2235e893c, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=5a8be955621' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#罕见病#</a> <a href='/topic/show?id=5999936949f' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#辅助生殖#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=17, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=79556, encryptionId=5a8be955621, topicName=罕见病), TopicDto(id=93694, encryptionId=5999936949f, topicName=辅助生殖)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=cade5395722, createdName=梅斯管理员, createdTime=Thu Nov 07 23:54:15 CST 2024, time=2024-11-07, status=1, ipAttribution=上海), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2235817, encodeId=98e0223581edc, content=能生就生吧,不管结果,这是造物主的安排, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=8, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=36431584645, createdName=wwjxx, createdTime=Fri Nov 08 08:22:59 CST 2024, time=2024-11-08, status=1, ipAttribution=广东省)]
    2024-11-12 ms5000000707039972 来自山东省

    做好遗传学检查非常重要。

    0

  3. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2236599, encodeId=6064223659965, content=有生育需求的罕见病家庭应做好相关检查,计算遗传风险后再决定是否求子。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=db489112955, createdName=ms5000000707039972, createdTime=Tue Nov 12 22:11:36 CST 2024, time=2024-11-12, status=1, ipAttribution=山东省), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2236598, encodeId=6631223659803, content=做好遗传学检查非常重要。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=db489112955, createdName=ms5000000707039972, createdTime=Tue Nov 12 22:11:05 CST 2024, time=2024-11-12, status=1, ipAttribution=山东省), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2235846, encodeId=a240223584681, content=遗传检测,优生优育, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=9, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=10924156358, createdName=13ca4c92m04暂无昵称, createdTime=Fri Nov 08 10:34:12 CST 2024, time=2024-11-08, status=1, ipAttribution=山东省), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2235789, encodeId=8dbd2235e893c, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=5a8be955621' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#罕见病#</a> <a href='/topic/show?id=5999936949f' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#辅助生殖#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=17, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=79556, encryptionId=5a8be955621, topicName=罕见病), TopicDto(id=93694, encryptionId=5999936949f, topicName=辅助生殖)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=cade5395722, createdName=梅斯管理员, createdTime=Thu Nov 07 23:54:15 CST 2024, time=2024-11-07, status=1, ipAttribution=上海), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2235817, encodeId=98e0223581edc, content=能生就生吧,不管结果,这是造物主的安排, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=8, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=36431584645, createdName=wwjxx, createdTime=Fri Nov 08 08:22:59 CST 2024, time=2024-11-08, status=1, ipAttribution=广东省)]
    2024-11-08 13ca4c92m04暂无昵称 来自山东省

    遗传检测,优生优育

    0

  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2236599, encodeId=6064223659965, content=有生育需求的罕见病家庭应做好相关检查,计算遗传风险后再决定是否求子。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=db489112955, createdName=ms5000000707039972, createdTime=Tue Nov 12 22:11:36 CST 2024, time=2024-11-12, status=1, ipAttribution=山东省), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2236598, encodeId=6631223659803, content=做好遗传学检查非常重要。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=db489112955, createdName=ms5000000707039972, createdTime=Tue Nov 12 22:11:05 CST 2024, time=2024-11-12, status=1, ipAttribution=山东省), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2235846, encodeId=a240223584681, content=遗传检测,优生优育, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=9, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=10924156358, createdName=13ca4c92m04暂无昵称, createdTime=Fri Nov 08 10:34:12 CST 2024, time=2024-11-08, status=1, ipAttribution=山东省), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2235789, encodeId=8dbd2235e893c, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=5a8be955621' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#罕见病#</a> <a href='/topic/show?id=5999936949f' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#辅助生殖#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=17, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=79556, encryptionId=5a8be955621, topicName=罕见病), TopicDto(id=93694, encryptionId=5999936949f, topicName=辅助生殖)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=cade5395722, createdName=梅斯管理员, createdTime=Thu Nov 07 23:54:15 CST 2024, time=2024-11-07, status=1, ipAttribution=上海), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2235817, encodeId=98e0223581edc, content=能生就生吧,不管结果,这是造物主的安排, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=8, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=36431584645, createdName=wwjxx, createdTime=Fri Nov 08 08:22:59 CST 2024, time=2024-11-08, status=1, ipAttribution=广东省)]
  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2236599, encodeId=6064223659965, content=有生育需求的罕见病家庭应做好相关检查,计算遗传风险后再决定是否求子。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=db489112955, createdName=ms5000000707039972, createdTime=Tue Nov 12 22:11:36 CST 2024, time=2024-11-12, status=1, ipAttribution=山东省), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2236598, encodeId=6631223659803, content=做好遗传学检查非常重要。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=db489112955, createdName=ms5000000707039972, createdTime=Tue Nov 12 22:11:05 CST 2024, time=2024-11-12, status=1, ipAttribution=山东省), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2235846, encodeId=a240223584681, content=遗传检测,优生优育, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=9, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=10924156358, createdName=13ca4c92m04暂无昵称, createdTime=Fri Nov 08 10:34:12 CST 2024, time=2024-11-08, status=1, ipAttribution=山东省), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2235789, encodeId=8dbd2235e893c, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=5a8be955621' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#罕见病#</a> <a href='/topic/show?id=5999936949f' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#辅助生殖#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=17, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=79556, encryptionId=5a8be955621, topicName=罕见病), TopicDto(id=93694, encryptionId=5999936949f, topicName=辅助生殖)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=cade5395722, createdName=梅斯管理员, createdTime=Thu Nov 07 23:54:15 CST 2024, time=2024-11-07, status=1, ipAttribution=上海), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2235817, encodeId=98e0223581edc, content=能生就生吧,不管结果,这是造物主的安排, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=8, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=36431584645, createdName=wwjxx, createdTime=Fri Nov 08 08:22:59 CST 2024, time=2024-11-08, status=1, ipAttribution=广东省)]
    2024-11-08 wwjxx 来自广东省

    能生就生吧,不管结果,这是造物主的安排

    0

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