JAAD:成人特应性皮炎竟会导致注意缺陷多动障碍?

2022-03-23 医路 MedSci原创

特应性皮炎(AD)是一种慢性炎症性皮肤疾病,与包括注意力缺陷多动障碍(ADHD)在内的各种神经精神疾病的共病有关,本文研究了美国成年人中AD和ADHD之间的联系。

     特应性皮炎(AD)是一种慢性炎症性皮肤疾病,与包括注意力缺陷多动障碍(ADHD)在内的各种神经精神疾病的共病有关。尽管儿童AD和ADHD之间的联系已有很好的文献记载,但最近美国皮肤病学会关于AD并存的指南指出,在成年人中这种联系的证据质量不高。在这里,我们试图研究一大批美国成年人中检查AD和ADHD之间的联系。

    我们对所有人进行了一项嵌套的配对病例对照研究,数据库包括2018年至今大于18岁的美国成年人。所有人都提供了用于生物医学研究的电子健康记录数据,这些数据来自全国340多个招募地点,登记了214,206名不同背景的美国人。3名AD患者通过电子健康记录数据使用国际疾病分类-10-CM代码L20和/或系统化医学命名代码24079001进行识别,每个AD患者与4名年龄、性别和种族匹配的对照组使用最近邻倾向分数匹配和替换。病例和对照的比较采用分类变量的皮尔逊卡方检验或Fisher精确检验以及连续变量的非配对t检验。对于多变量分析,我们使用Logistic回归计算优势比(OR),并在控制了年龄、性别、种族/民族、吸烟状况和BMI后确定AD是否仍与ADHD有关。

    我们确定了11,752例AD患者(平均年龄60岁[标准差(SD)16];女性占68%)和47,008名对照,年龄、性别和种族/民族都很匹配(均P=1.000)。AD组ADHD患病率显著高于对照组(4.9%vs1.8%;P<0.001)。在多变量分析中控制混杂因素后,AD仍然与ADHD显著相关(OR2.66,95%CI2.37-2.99,P<0.001)。

    在这个队列中,我们发现与没有AD的成年人相比,患有AD的成年人被诊断为ADHD的几率增加了2.66倍。这些发现提供了令人信服的证据,支持在成人中AD和ADHD之间存在正相关,这与儿童和青少年人口中的报告一致。与另一项不包括匹配对照的美国调查研究相比,我们观察到AD和ADHD之间有更强的相关性(OR 2.66比1.61,95%CI 1.25-2.06),尽管这项研究调整了不同的混杂因素。

    人们提出了多种机制来解释AD与ADHD之间的联系。例如,对儿童的前瞻性研究表明,AD先于ADHD诊断,这表明诸如AD症状的心理社会应激或实验上与这两种疾病有关的神经相关炎性细胞因子等因素可能容易发生ADHD。为了更好地阐明导致这种关系的因素,有必要进行进一步的研究。

文献来源:Fan R,  Leasure AC,  Damsky W,Association of Atopic Dermatitis with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder among US Adults in the All of Us Research Program: A Case-Control Study.J Am Acad Dermatol 2022 Mar 10;

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