Med J Aust:慢性非癌症疼痛患者停止使用阿片类药物也有可能显著改善临床症状

2021-05-24 MedSci原创 MedSci原创

慢性非癌症疼痛患者停止使用阿片类药物也有可能获得显著的临床改善。

为慢性非癌症疼痛患者开阿片类药物处方的医生必须适应日益严格的政策要求,一方面研究发现正在质疑阿片类药物对这类患者的益处,而患者担心停用阿片类药物后疼痛无法得到控制。

在澳大利亚和新西兰,慢性非癌症疼痛患者可能会求助于专业疼痛管理服务机构,其中大多数参与了电子持续性疼痛结果协作(ePPOC),该倡议旨在收集有关患者、提供的服务和治疗结果的标准化信息。

为了探讨阿片类药物使用变化对患者预后的影响,Hilarie Tardif分析了20151月至2020667家疼痛服务机构(在线支持信息)收集的ePPOC数据。提取了所有已完成护理期的患者的数据,这些患者回答了阿片类药物使用的问题。用标准偏差(SDs)的方法总结了他们的特征和结果。研究结果发表在Medical Journal of Australia杂志。

提供信息的10302例患者的平均年龄为49.5±14.4;5807(56.4%)为女性,3490(33.9%)5年以上疼痛经历。最常见的疼痛部位是背部(3936;38.2%)

患者的平均口服吗啡当量日剂量为56.3±75.3 mg,日中位数剂量为31.0 mg(四分位范围[IQR]15-75 mg)。他们报告的平均疼痛评分高于未使用阿片类药物的患者(6.2 [SD, 1.6] v 5.8 [SD, 1.7]),日常活动受到更大的干扰(7.2 [SD, 1.8] v 6.5 [SD, 2.0];每一种都用短暂疼痛量表来衡量。使用阿片类药物的人的抑郁、焦虑、压力、疼痛灾难化和疼痛自我效能的平均值也更差。

最常见的是与医疗及相关卫生人员的个人预约(55 012个事件中的35 678个,占65%)和集体疼痛项目(18 841个事件,占34%);493例程序性干预(1%)。中位发作时间为175(IQR, 99-322)

阿片类药物的处方因疼痛服务的不同而不同,包括由疼痛专家直接开具处方和向患者的全科医生推荐处方。然而,多学科护理的一个主要焦点是支持患者减少阿片类药物的使用,这通常涉及患者、他们的全科医生和疼痛服务之间的合作。

到治疗期结束时,1724名报告在就诊时推荐使用阿片类药物的患者(27.2%)已经停止使用,1234名患者(19.5%)已经减少了至少50%的剂量,3382名患者(53.3%)没有改变、阿片类药物量增加或减少少于50%。对于每一组,每个临床领域的评分都有改善,并且在停止使用阿片类药物的患者中变化最大,临床显著改善的比例也是如此。在治疗结束时,与特定疼痛经历相关的测量得分(疼痛严重程度、干扰、灾难化和自我效能感)与那些在一开始诊断时未使用阿片类药物的患者相似或更好,尽管最初的疼痛程度更严重。相反,阿片类药物使用没有减少至少50%的患者的平均改善最小。

虽然该研究受限于其回顾性性质,缺乏对未完成治疗的患者的随访,以及仅限于专科疼痛治疗,但该发现是令人鼓舞的。在澳大利亚和新西兰接受多学科疼痛管理服务的慢性非癌症疼痛患者停止使用阿片类药物也有可能获得显著的临床改善。

原文出处

Tardif, H., Hayes, C. and Allingham, S.F. (2021), Opioid cessation is associated with reduced pain and improved function in people attending specialist chronic pain services. Med J Aust, 214: 430-432. https://doi.org/10.5694/mja2.51031

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    2022-04-14 sunyl07
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    2021-05-26 lhlxtx
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