OCC 2014: 方丕华教授谈Brugada综合征

2014-06-09 小田 整理 医学论坛网

在5月29日的东方心脏病学会议(OCC2014),中国医学科学院阜外心血管病医院方丕华教授作了《Brugada波与Brugada综合征的再认识》的报告。 临床特征         Brugada综合征是一种遗传性心脏离子通道疾病,一般合并有基因异常,其特征有以下几点:    

在5月29日的东方心脏病学会议(OCC2014),中国医学科学院阜外心血管病医院方丕华教授作了《Brugada波与Brugada综合征的再认识》的报告。

临床特征

        Brugada综合征是一种遗传性心脏离子通道疾病,一般合并有基因异常,其特征有以下几点:

        1、心脏结构正常;

        2、特征性右胸导联(V1—V3)ST段呈穹窿型(coved type)或马鞍型(saddleback type)抬高,伴或不伴有右束支阻滞;

       3、 致命性室性快速性心律失常(室速或室颤)发作引起反复晕厥或猝死;

        4、Brugada综合征年龄分布以41—50岁人群居多,占27%;其次为31—40岁人群,占24%;其余依次为51—60岁、21—30岁、61—70岁、11—20岁和10岁以下人群;

        5、正常人群也可出现Brugada心电图征,发生率约为1.82%。

        6、Brugada综合征心电图分型

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方教授指出,Brugada综合征患者的ST段抬高和室颤主要与右心室心外膜下细胞瞬间外向钾离子电流Ito介导的心室复极不一致有关。2相折返是特发性室速和室颤的触发机制,Ito阻滞剂4-AP和奎尼丁可消除2相折返性心动过速。异丙肾上腺素增强钠、钙电流,可缓解Brugada心电图表现,终止心律失常。

临床诊断

在Brugada综合征的药物诊断方面,包括以下几种药物

>

其他诊断方法包括:

        1、根据欧洲心脏病学会(ESC)2000年建议的诊断标准,患者出现典型下斜型(Ⅰ型)心电图改变,且有下列临床表现之一,并排除其他引起心电图异常的因素,可诊断Brugada综合征,包括①记录到室颤;②自行终止的多形性室速;③家族心脏卒中史(<45岁);④家族成员有典型心电图改变;⑤电生理诱发室颤;⑥晕厥或夜间临死状的呼吸。

       2、 Ⅱ型和Ⅲ型异常心电图者经激发试验阳性,如有上述临床表现可诊断Brugada综合征。

        3、如无上述临床症状仅有特征性心电图改变不能诊断为Brugada综合征,只能称为特发性Brugada征样心电图改变。

        4、如无完全满足的心电图标准,但有上述临床表现中的一项或多项,诊断应慎重。

        另外,影响Brugada综合征心电图和心律失常表现的因素包括高钾、低钾、心动过缓、发热性疾病、缺血、心肌梗死、钠通道阻滞剂、钙通道阻滞剂、β受体阻滞剂、α受体激动剂、抗心绞痛药物、硝酸酯类药物、三环类和四环类抗忧郁药、可卡因等。

鉴别诊断

Brugada异常心电图

        Brugada异常心电图具有其特殊性,包括以下几点。

        间歇性:40%以上的患者异常心电图可暂时正常化;

        多变性:指同一患者在不同时间的心电图在Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ型之间自行或在各种外界因素影响下相互转换;

        隐匿型:虽携带SCN5A基因突变,但其心电图始终正常,即使使用钠离子通道阻滞剂激发试验也不能显示;

        非经典部位:已有下壁导联异常心电图Brugada综合征的报道。

Brugada波

        有Brugada波的心电图特征,而无Brugada综合征的临床表现者,则称为Brugada波。

预后和危险分层

治疗


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    2014-06-11 般若傻瓜
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    2014-06-11 zhaojie88
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    2014-06-11 nymo