如何科学地延缓衰老②应该怎么吃,中医如何抗衰老

2017-05-15 董竞成/科技部国家“973”计划项目首席科学家、复旦大学中西医结合研究院院长、复旦大学附属华山医院中西医结合科科主任 澎湃新闻

WHO对影响健康长寿的因素进行过如下总结,健康长寿 = 60%生活方式+15%遗传因素+10%社会因素+8%医疗因素+7%气候因素。由此可见,在影响健康长寿的因素中,遗传、社会、气候、医疗等因素与生活方式这一因素相比较,所占的比重不算大,这些客观的条件,我们个体可能无法以一己之力去改变现实,但我们可以趋利避害。健康科学的生活方式管理是保持健康延缓衰老最重要的因素和策略。健康科学生活方式是需要培养的

WHO对影响健康长寿的因素进行过如下总结,健康长寿 = 60%生活方式+15%遗传因素+10%社会因素+8%医疗因素+7%气候因素。由此可见,在影响健康长寿的因素中,遗传、社会、气候、医疗等因素与生活方式这一因素相比较,所占的比重不算大,这些客观的条件,我们个体可能无法以一己之力去改变现实,但我们可以趋利避害。

健康科学的生活方式管理是保持健康延缓衰老最重要的因素和策略。健康科学生活方式是需要培养的,培养的主动性、积极性在于人们自己。生活方式管理的理念就是强调个体对自己的健康负责,即保持健康延缓衰老靠自己。健康科学生活是指有益于健康的习惯化的行为方式,应该包括五个方面:合理膳食、适量运动、杜绝不良的生活方式、心理平衡、中医抗衰老等。

延缓衰老应该怎么吃

常言道“国以民为本,民以食为天”。可见“食”是第一性的,有了“饱暖”,才思长寿。合理膳食指能提供全面、均衡营养的膳食。

根据中老年人可能存在高血脂、高血糖、高血压等慢性疾病的病理生理特点,WHO对老年慢性病患者提出了“三高四低”的饮食原则,即高蛋白、高纤维素、高维生素、低盐、低脂、低热量、低胆固醇。结合卫生部发布的新版《中国居民膳食指南》,符合老人生理状况的膳食结构应该做到以下几点:

1)食物多样,谷类为主,粗细搭配,保证一定的热量。谷类食物是中国传统膳食的主体,是人体能量的主要来源。谷类包括米、面、杂粮,主要提供碳水化合物、蛋白质、膳食纤维及B族维生素。中老年人应保持每天适量的谷类食物摄入,老人基础代谢降低,活动量减少,所需热量比成人少15%~30%,日摄入量在6300~8400千焦就足够了。另外要注意粗细搭配,经常吃一些粗粮、杂粮和全谷类食物。稻米、小麦不要研磨得太精,以免所含维生素、矿物质和膳食纤维流失。

2)多吃蔬菜水果和薯类,补充足够的维生素。75岁以上老人多数需要补充维生素,老年女性比正常需要量多供18%~20%,老年男性应多供12%~14%。新鲜蔬菜水果是人类平衡膳食的重要组成部分,蔬菜水果能量低,是维生素、矿物质、膳食纤维和植物化学物质的重要来源。薯类含有丰富的淀粉、膳食纤维以及多种维生素和矿物质。

富含蔬菜、水果和薯类的膳食对保持身体健康,保持肠道正常功能,提高免疫力,降低患肥胖、糖尿病高血压等慢性疾病风险具有重要作用。故应多食绿色蔬菜,西红柿、山楂、鲜枣、桔子及海洋贝类等。并注意增加薯类的摄入。

3)每天吃奶类、大豆或其制品,保证一定量矿物质的摄入。奶类除含丰富的优质蛋白质和维生素外,含钙量较高,且利用率也很高,是膳食钙质的极好来源。适当多饮奶有利于骨健康,建议每人每天平均饮奶300ml。

大豆含丰富的优质蛋白质、必需脂肪酸、多种维生素和膳食纤维,且含有磷脂、低聚糖,以及异黄酮、植物固醇等多种植物化学物质。建议每人每天摄入30g~50g大豆或相当量的豆制品。

海带、裙带菜及其他海藻是上好的补碘食品。菠菜、海藻、木耳、大枣等含铁量丰富,是补血之品。牡蛎、扇贝及动物的眼睛和睾丸是补锌食品。

4)常吃适量的鱼、禽、蛋和瘦肉,保证高蛋白、低脂的饮食。鱼、禽、蛋和瘦肉均属于动物性食物,是人类优质蛋白、脂类、脂溶性维生素、B族维生素和矿物质的良好来源,是平衡膳食的重要组成部分。瘦畜肉铁含量高且利用率好。鱼类脂肪含量一般较低,且含有较多的多不饱和脂肪酸;禽类脂肪含量也较低,且不饱和脂肪酸含量较高;蛋类富含优质蛋白质,各种营养成分比较齐全,是很经济的优质蛋白质来源。

5)减少烹调油用量,吃清淡少盐膳食。脂肪是人体能量的重要来源之一,并可提供必需脂肪酸,有利于脂溶性维生素的消化吸收,但是脂肪摄入过多是引起肥胖、高血脂、动脉粥样硬化等多种慢性疾病的危险因素之一。膳食盐的摄入量过高与高血压的患病率密切相关。建议中老年人应养成吃清淡少盐膳食的习惯,即膳食不要太油腻,不要太咸,不要摄食过多的动物性食物和油炸、烟熏、腌制食物。

6)每天足量饮水。水是生命之源,是膳食的重要组成部分,是一切生命必需的物质,在生命活动中发挥着重要功能。进入体内的水和排出来的水基本相等,处于动态平衡。饮水不足或过多都会对人体健康带来危害。饮水应少量多次,要主动,不要感到口渴时再喝水。饮水最好选择白开水。老人每天可饮水2000ml左右,应多吃粥和汤类。

中医如何抗衰老

中医学“未病先防”“治未病”的观点,以及中医药个性化治疗与辨证用药模式,对保持健康和延缓衰老表现出了得天独厚的优势和特色。肾气虚衰、阴精亏损、脏腑功能衰退等是衰老的内在因素,在整个生命过程中都可能出现。要保持健康和预防衰老,就必须在日常生活中经常采取正确的保健措施,排除不良生活方式和疾病等的干扰,时时顾护肾气、保养肾精并促进脏腑机能的旺盛、气血精神的充沛,才能避免衰老的提早发生。

中医抗衰老方药常以补益药为主要组成,如人参、熟地、枸杞、黄芪、当归、鹿茸、淫羊藿等等,运用时要必须根据体质状况辨证施补,不宜急于求成。中药是以其药性之“偏”来纠正人体之“偏”。进补不当适得其反,应该“让药凑人”不是“人去凑药”。

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    2017-05-25 lyh994

    健康的生活理念

    0

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    2017-05-18 中医痴

    真的挺好的,学习了!谢谢分享!

    0

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    2017-05-17 tanxingdoctor

    学习了谢谢分享

    0

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    2017-05-16 184****9840

    清茶淡饭,心情愉悦

    0

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