Cell Stem Cell:研究揭示用皮肤移植治疗糖尿病和肥胖症

2017-08-07 佚名 转化医学网

近日,芝加哥大学的一研究小组攻克基因治疗面临的难题,揭示了用皮肤移植的全新方法治疗众多人类疾病的可能性。

近日,芝加哥大学的一研究小组攻克基因治疗面临的难题,揭示了用皮肤移植的全新方法治疗众多人类疾病的可能性。

该研究对应的文章发表于最新上线的Cell Stem Cell杂志,文章题为“Engineered epidermal progenitor cells can correct diet-induced obesity and diabetes”,描述了一种新的基因治疗形式,通过皮肤移植疗法来治疗两种常见的人类疾病:2型糖尿病和肥胖症。

芝加哥大学Ben May癌症研究所助理教授Wu指出:“这项研究首次显示了工程皮肤移植可以在具有完整免疫系统的野生型小鼠体内长期存活。皮肤移植成功率高于80%,这是一项令人激动地研究。”

该研究团队专注于糖尿病研究,因为糖尿病是一种常见的非皮肤疾病,可以通过靶向特定蛋白质的战略来实施治疗。

在这项研究中,研究人员在移植皮肤中添加胰高血糖素样肽1(GLP1)的基因,胰高血糖素样肽1是一种刺激胰腺分泌胰岛素的激素。这些额外合成的胰岛素能够去除血液中过多的葡萄糖,从而预防糖尿病的发生。GLP1还可以延缓胃排空并降低食欲。

研究人员使用精准编辑工具CRISPR修饰GLP1基因。首先,研究人员在GLP1基因中插入一个突变,旨在延长其编码激素在血液中的半衰期,并将修饰GLP1基因与抗体相融合,使其在血液中循环更长时间。此外,他们还添加了一个诱导型启动子以产生更多的激素。最后,研究人员将修饰的GLP1基因导入皮肤细胞,在培养皿中扩大培养。

当这些培养的细胞暴露于空气/液体界面时,它们会分层形成多层皮肤样组织。接下来,研究人员将修饰的皮肤移植到免疫系统完整的小鼠体内。然而,移植皮肤没有显着的排斥反应。

当小鼠吃含有微量抗生素多西环素的食物时,它们以一种剂量依赖型方式将GLP1释放到血液中。这迅速增加了血液中的胰岛素水平,降低了血糖水平。

当研究人员为正常或基因修饰小鼠喂食高脂肪饮食时,两组小鼠的体重均迅速增加。当正常和基因修饰小鼠得到高脂肪饮食以及不同程度的多西环素,以诱导GLP1释放时,表达GLP1的小鼠体重增加较正常小鼠要少。

同时,GLP1的表达也降低了葡萄糖水平以及胰岛素抵抗效应。

研究人员在文章中表示:研究数据表明,可诱导GLP1表达的皮肤移植疗法可用于治疗和预防饮食引发的肥胖和糖尿病。当他们利用有限的免疫系统将基因修饰的人类细胞移植到小鼠体内时,他们看到了相同的效果。研究人员指出,这种将体外基因编辑技术与体内工程化细胞有效相结合的方法可为治疗许多人类疾病提供希望。

皮肤前体细胞具有几个独特的优点,非常适用于基因疗法。皮肤是体内最大,最易获取的器官且很容易操控。如果需要,可以快速移除移植的皮肤。皮肤细胞在体外培养皿中增殖速度快,并且可以很容易地移植。该疗法具有安全、微创以及廉价等特点。

皮肤移植疗法具有广阔的应用前景的另一原因是:根据疾病控制和预防中心的数据,超过1亿美国成年人患有糖尿病(3030万)或糖尿病前期(8410万)。 每3名成人中至少有2名超重,至少有1人患有肥胖症。
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    2018-06-16 维他命
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    2017-08-07 清风拂面

    谢谢分享,学习了

    0

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    2017-08-07 明月清辉

    谢谢分享,学习了

    0

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