覆盖28万例结直肠癌+1万例腺瘤病例数据分析:高挑身材的代价竟可能是患癌风险增加!每高10cm,增加14%...

2022-03-06 LILYMED MedSci原创

Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev:较高的成年身高与结直肠癌和结直肠腺瘤风险增加有剂量-反应关系

在全球范围内,结直肠癌是男性的第三大常见癌症,女性的第二常见癌症。虽然大多数结直肠癌发生在50岁及以上的成年人中,但12%的人在50岁以下确诊。结直肠癌的总死亡率在过去几十年里一直在下降。然而,从2007年到2016年,50岁以下的人死于结肠直肠癌的人数每年增加2%,这强调了在评估患者进行结肠直肠癌筛查时,识别和考虑结肠直肠癌额外风险因素的重要性。

结直肠癌有几个众所周知的危险因素。在美国,超过一半的结直肠癌可归因于可改变的生活方式因素,包括不健康的饮食、体育活动不足、吸烟和酗酒。人体测量学特征,如体重、脂肪量和体重指数是另一项与生活方式相关的重要可改变的结直肠癌危险因素。身材(身高)是另一个被积极研究的潜在的非可改变的结直肠癌危险因素。研究人员已经进行了许多研究以确定较高的身高是否是结直肠癌的风险因素;一些研究结果表明,身高与结直肠癌之间存在正相关,而另一些研究未能建立显著的结果,还有一些研究显示了负相关。人体计量特征对结直肠肿瘤生物学的影响尚不清楚。

本研究进行了系统的回顾和荟萃分析,以确定成人身高是否与结直肠癌或腺瘤的风险独立相关。

本研究最终纳入了47项观察性研究,覆盖280660例结直肠癌和14139例结直肠腺瘤病例,其中33项研究报告了身高每增加10厘米结直肠癌发病率的数据,26项研究比较了最高和最低身高个体之间的结直肠癌发病率,4项研究报告了评估身高每增加10厘米大肠腺瘤发病率的数据,使用随机效应荟萃分析估计身高增加导致结直肠癌/腺瘤的总体危险比/优势比。约翰霍普金斯大学结肠生物膜研究的原始数据也包括在内,该研究招募了1459名接受门诊结肠镜检查的成年患者,以探索癌症与粘附在结肠壁上的细菌之间的关系。

数据分析发现,随着身高每增加10厘米,结直肠癌的总HR (N=19项研究)为1.14 (95% CI, 1.11至1.17,P<0.001, I2=79%)(图1)。即,身高每增加10厘米患结直肠癌的风险增加14%。

据估计,随着身高每增加10厘米,结直肠癌的总体OR值(N=14项研究)为1.09 (95% CI, 1.05 - 1.13, P<0.001, I2=21%)(图2)。HR和OR在方向性上是一致的;HR反映瞬时风险,OR反映累积风险。

最高和最低身高百分位(N=19项研究)相比,结肠直肠癌的估计总HR为1.24 (95% CI, 1.19 - 1.30, P<0.001, I2=67%)(图3)。即,身高最高的人患结直肠癌的风险比最低的人高24%。

最高和最低身高百分位(N=7项研究)相比,结肠直肠癌的估计总体OR为1.07 (95% CI, 0.92 - 1.25, P=0.39, I2=66%)(图4)。

结直肠腺瘤的总体OR估计每增加10厘米(N=4项研究)为1.06 (95% CI, 1.00至1.12,P=0.03, I2=92%)(图5)。即,身高每增加10厘米患腺瘤的风险增加6%

综上,这一系统回顾和荟萃分析表明,身高与结直肠癌和结直肠腺瘤风险增加之间存在关联。本研究中最高的人比最矮的人患结肠直肠癌的风险高24%。在调整了人口统计学、社会经济、行为和其他已知风险因素后,身高每增加10厘米,患结肠直肠癌的风险就会增加14%。身高增加与结肠癌的关系似乎比与直肠癌的关系更强。随着身高的增加,结直肠癌或结直肠腺瘤的风险增加。较高的成人身高似乎是结直肠癌和结直肠腺瘤的独立危险因素。

总的来说,在调整了人口统计学、社会经济、行为和其他已知的危险因素后,较高的成年身高与结直肠癌和结直肠腺瘤风险增加有剂量-反应关系。在评估结直肠癌筛查患者时,身高应作为一个危险因素。然而,需要更多的研究来定义精确的身高风险参数,以便将这些信息转化为临床护理。

原文来源:

Elinor Zhou, et al.Adult-Attained Height and Colorectal Cancer Risk: A Cohort Study, Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev cebp.0398.2021.

 

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    2023-02-11 sjq027
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    2022-03-07 lq0307
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    2022-03-06 ms5000000940411799

    👍

    0

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    2022-03-06 医鸣惊人

    认真学习了

    0

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与持续性细菌感染相关的慢性和低级别炎症或与结肠肿瘤的发生相关,然而,短暂性和自限性感染在细菌驱动的结肠肿瘤发生中的影响,研究人员尚不清楚。