JAHA:儿童癌症幸存者中可改变的心血管危险因素诊断和治疗不足

2022-06-11 MedSci原创 MedSci原创

提高初级保健医生和心脏病医生的认识,以及幸存者自我意识,可能会降低儿童期癌症幸存者未被充分诊断和治疗的心血管疾病危险因素的风险。

儿童癌症确诊后的5年生存率现在超过85%,在美国估计有50万儿童癌症幸存者。近日,心血管疾病领域权威杂志JAHA上发表了一篇研究文章,在这项研究中,研究人员旨在明确有过早CVD的高风险的儿童期癌症的成年幸存者可改变的心血管疾病(CVD)危险因素(高血压、血脂异常、葡萄糖不耐受/糖尿病)诊断不足和治疗不足相关的患病率和预测因素。

这是一项横断面研究,研究对象为接受蒽环类药物或胸部放疗的儿童期癌症成年幸存者。这些幸存者完成了问卷调查和家庭临床评估。对照组是来自国家健康和营养调查的匹配样本。与国家健康和营养检查调查相比,多变量logistic回归估计了幸存者中CVD危险因素诊断不足和治疗不足的风险(比值比)。

幸存者(n=571;中位年龄为37.7岁,癌症诊断28.5年)相比于国家健康和营养检查调查(n=345;各因子P<0.05)伴有既往CVD风险的几率更高。而CVD危险因素诊断不足的比率相似(27.1%的幸存者 vs 26.1%的国家健康和营养检查调查;P=0.73),幸存者更有可能治疗不足(21.0% vs 13.9%,P=0.007;比值比为1.8,95%CI为1.2-2.7)。

在幸存者中,诊断不足和治疗不足的危险因素分别是高血压(18.9%)和血脂异常(16.3%)。超重/肥胖的男性幸存者更有可能存在诊断不足和治疗不足。那些有多种不良生活方式因素的患者也更可能存在治疗不足(比值比为2.2,95%CI为1.1-4.5)。健康相关自我效能的提高与治疗不足的减少相关(比值比为0.5;95%CI为0.3-0.8)。

由此可见,提高初级保健医生和心脏病医生的认识,以及幸存者自我意识,可能会降低儿童期癌症幸存者未被充分诊断和治疗的心血管疾病危险因素的风险。

原始出处:

Eric J. Chow.et al.Underdiagnosis and Undertreatment of Modifiable Cardiovascular Risk Factors Among Survivors of Childhood Cancer.JAHA.2022.https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/full/10.1161/JAHA.121.024735

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    2022-06-11 zhaohui6731
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